Objectives: Analyze MSDs among workers of the National Electricity Company of Senegal. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, carried out from April 2 to May 15, 2022. The INRS TMS questionnaire version 2000 was used. The analysis was carried out with Excel 2016 and R version 4.1.1 software. During the bivariate analysis, the Chi2 test was used. The p was considered significant if it was less than 0.05. Results: The average age of the sample was 42.4 years ± 9.5. The sex ratio (M/F) was 3.16 in favor of men. The prevalence of MSDs was 91%. The average number of MSD locations per affected worker was 3.1. Low back pain (58.8%) and back pain (54.2%) were the most frequently reported MSDs. When working, the sitting position and prolonged standing position were adopted respectively by 57.7% and 39.4% of workers. Break time, work requiring work very quickly, work under deadline, risk of error in work in the event of lack of concentration and the latitude of being able to work at the desired speed had a significant link with occurrence of MSDs (p<0.05). Conclusion: MSDs constitute an occupational health problem within the National Electricity Company of Senegal. This study proves the need to strengthen, on the one hand, awareness, training of workers and on the other hand, the review of the organization and management of personnel.

Feeding dairy cows during the dry season is still a bottle nec for milk production in Burkina Faso and farmers use their indigenous knowledges for improvement. The research question is how to ¶The better handle thoses indigenous knowledges by improving methodologically the making process of galactagogues blocks which could be used as supplementary feed for lactating cows. The objective was to make two galactagogue blocks, one contains small millet and monkey’s bread (called BAMPS) and the other one, Vigna unguiculata (Soy bean) and Euphorbia hirta (called GALACTO) to increase dairy cows milk syhthesis. The method has been to collect forage and concentrate ingredients in urban and peri-urban area of Ouagadougou in 2023. Samples were run for chemical analysis, total proteins and carbohydrates contents. At the same time, total coliform and toxicity test of aflatoxines were also done on the initial solutions in 2024. Samples were all free from total aflatoxines and aflatoxines B1 in 2024. The total bacteria count was 10 UFC/g Adansonia digitata’s powder and 2.1x105 UFC/g, 4.6x104 UFC/g, 3.3x104 UFC/g for Vigna unguiculata, Pennissetum glaucum and Euphorbia hirta (whole plant), respectively. The data were subjected to descriptives statistics using Excel 2016. The previous results contributed to produce square dries galactogogues of 100, 200, 300 and 400 grammes (made june 2024). Zea mays bran was used as support-structure in the current experimental conditions. The results showed good hardness by pressing with thumb and consistance under full hand-pressure. BAMPS was a white-dirt colour with Zea mays smell. GALACTO was clear-green colour with Vigna unguiculata smell. It could be concluded that, it is technical possible to make galactogogues blocks from above animal feed ingredients for feeding system in Burkina Faso. The hypothesis of the current study was verified and the objective met for the upcoming experimental test on animal.

In West Africa, the livestock sub-sector contributed around 12% to regional GDP in 2014. This strong contribution to economic growth is based on the livestock-meat sector, particularly the marketing of live cattle. The aim of this study is to analyze the operating status of livestock markets in the production zone. The data covers the organization, supply, demand and price of livestock from 2011-2020. Economic analyses were carried out to analyze operating accounts and the contributions of livestock markets. A total of 129 players were surveyed, and this sample was selected because these four markets were the most frequented by livestock buyers and sellers in the Niger regions. The analysis revealed that the livestock market circuits are supplied with livestock by extensive livestock breeders and livestock fatteners. In terms of cattle supply, the Mokko livestock market more than doubled its supply from 79,208 to 38,108, while the Bella market from 38,409 to 19,188 and the Kargui-bangou market from 15,601 to 15,961 head of cattle from 2011 to 2020.

Background: Despite the introduction of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2019 to improve healthcare financing and services, the healthcare system in Zambia still faces challenges that negatively affect patient satisfaction. Aim: Assess and investigate the factors influencing patient satisfaction with NHIS-provided services at a third-level tertiary public hospital. Setting: The study was conducted at the OPD of Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching Hospital (LMUTH) in Lusaka, Zambia. LMUTH was purposefully chosen because it was one of the first NHIS-accredited facilities and because of its importance as the second-largest publicly financed tertiary referral hospital. Method: This was a mixed method cross-sectional survey and data were collected from a systematically chosen sample of 270 respondents using an interviewer-administered modified SERVUAL 5-point Likert scale questionnaire in May 2024. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: 83 percent were satisfied with the NHIS-provided services. Education level, duration of NHIS enrollment, communication from NHIMA, drug availability, staff attitude, and waiting time were identified as significant factors. However, key predictors identified were employment status (OR = 0.237, p = 0.030), and communication and feedback from NHIMA (OR = 2.922, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Findings show a high NHIS satisfaction level identifying significant factors and key predictors. Future research should explore the long-term effects and satisfaction levels across various demographic groups and regions. Contribution: This study suggests improved NHIS communication, staff training, patient education, reduced waiting times, fostering courteous patient/staff interactions and enhancing diagnostic and pharmacy services.

Overhead high-voltage power lines are visible and supported by high poles and pylons, at heights that allow people to walk under them without snagging them as they pass. The corridors of overhead high-voltage power lines are occupied illegally, with serious consequences for people’s health and safety. Knowing the reasons for the occupation of the high-voltage overhead power line corridors in Daloa is the focus of this study, the aim of which is to identify the health and safety risks for people occupying the corridors of high-voltage overhead power lines. The methodology adopted is based on documentary research and field surveys. A questionnaire was drawn up for 408 occupants of the high-voltage power line corridor, and interviews were successively conducted with the head of the Ivorian electricity company (C.I.E.) and the head of the technical department of the mayor of the town of Daloa. This approach shows that the occupation of the power line corridor in the town of Daloa is due to a number of regulatory, institutional, economic and social factors. The regulatory and institutional factors concern the land administration and the local authority, while the economic factors are linked to the high cost of shops, the high cost of land, the need to remain in the information society and the lack of information on the subject.

This study was conducted with the aim of taking stock of Ganoderma sp disease in oil palm plantations in the Lokondola division of Boteka. This disease causes significant losses and constitutes a major obstacle to the sustainability of replantings. Ganoderma, which is increasingly growing in the DRC, deserves particular attention, in order to develop methods that can limit its spread in the different production areas. Our analyzes showed different results. From a pathological point of view, all blocks presented at least one diseased foot. The disease was higher in bocs 111a and 112a with average incidences ranging between 10.2 and 8, and a little less in the rest of the blocks with averages of (3.2 to 4.7). The disease situation in different block plots of the division indicates that the disease is important in plots 23 and 18 of block 111a, with 14 and 11 sick subjects respectively. As for block 112a, the disease is higher in plots 14 and 15 (10 and 8 sick subjects) and lower in plots 24a and 25 (6 and 8 sick subjects). The assessment of the disease levels in the rest of the blocks of the plantation shows a situation comparable to the previous ones with values ​​between 3 to 7 sick subjects.

Food preservatives such as sodium benzoate (E211) and potassium benzoate (E212) are widely used to prolong the shelf life of various food products by inhibiting microbial growth. Despite their prevalent usage, concerns regarding their potential genotoxic effects necessitate a thorough evaluation of their safety. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the genotoxic potential of sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate, synthesizing findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. Sodium benzoate, a sodium salt of benzoic acid, is primarily metabolized in the liver to hippuric acid, which is excreted in the urine. In vitro studies on sodium benzoate have shown mixed results, with some indicating DNA damage at high concentrations while others report no significant genotoxic effects. In vivo studies in animals have similarly provided conflicting evidence, with genotoxic effects observed at high doses but not at levels relevant to human consumption. Human studies are limited, but in vitro assessments using human cell lines have not conclusively demonstrated genotoxic effects at typical dietary exposure levels. Potassium benzoate, the potassium salt of benzoic acid, shares a similar metabolic pathway with sodium benzoate. However, specific studies on the genotoxicity of potassium benzoate are less abundant. Preliminary in vitro studies have not indicated significant genotoxic effects at commonly used concentrations and limited in vivo animal studies suggest no significant genotoxic risk at doses relevant to human exposure. The absence of direct human studies on potassium benzoate necessitates reliance on extrapolations from sodium benzoate data, which are not entirely conclusive. Regulatory authorities such as the FDA and EFSA have established acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels for both preservatives based on available toxicological data, considering them safe for use in food products within these limits. Potential genotoxic mechanisms may involve oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the evidence remains inconclusive and warrants further investigation. High concentrations of sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate may pose genotoxic risks, their use in food products within the regulatory limits is considered safe. Continuous monitoring and research are essential to confirm these findings and ensure consumer safety considering long-term and cumulative exposure. This review underscores the importance of ongoing evaluation of food preservatives to maintain public health standards.

The problem of the effectiveness of the rights recognized for women is not new. Its existence is attributed to very early years. After several analyses, we were able to note that the protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, relating to the rights of Women in Africa, greatly prioritized women’s rights. Certain laws in the DRC have not remained unanimous on this subject. However, the Constitution recognizes the rights and freedoms of all Congolese citizens. In addition, the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action adopted on June 25, 1993 by the World Conference on Human Rights; aims to strengthen the determination of the international community with a view to achieving significant progress in action in favor of human rights through an increased and sustained effort of international cooperation and solidarity. Here we must see in particular articles 36 to 44 which deal with equality of condition and fundamental rights of women.

Coastline in Abidjan has a plant of economic potential. Many previous works have been carried out there. However, few or rare are the studies which mainly address the petrosedimentary processes of these detrital deposits in their transfer to Abidjan coast. Granulometric approaches made it possible to characterize these detrital deposits of the coast. The petrosedimentary characterization made it possible to highlight a decrease in the size of sediments along Abidjan beach and an alternation or individualization of sandy facies. These sediments have a coarse asymmetry or are almost symmetrical. They are well to fairly well ranked.

Which focused on the contribution of blood safety in the prevention of HIV/AIDS contamination; it was used in the health zone of Gemena, we set ourselves the overall objective of observing and verifying whether the people involved in this chain of activities normally respect the application of the tests in relation to the biological qualification and the counseling before and after blood collection from donors. How they refer donors found to be HIV positive to a care service. The results from this study are as follows: We found that out of 30 subjects surveyed: - 50% have followed the training on biological diagnosis; - 60% have taken training in transfusion safety; - 73% of our respondents had not received training on voluntary counseling and testing, which meant that 83% thought only of the strategy of maintaining confidentiality, and not using DCIP; - It appears that 100% of our health facilities do not have donor files to allow rigorous selection; - 100% of our respondents use the correct biological qualification while applying immuno-haematologist and immuno-serological tests. Significant statistical relationships were observed between gender with VCT training; the professional category with training in biological diagnosis; seniority with health facilities; sex with keeping donor records and preventive measures; finally the level of study with training on transfusion safety.

The association of ovarian malignancy with pregnancy is rare; accounting for 3–6% of ovarian masses of which malignant germ cell tumors represent the type most frequently associated with pregnancy, whereas the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer is only 1/12,000 to 1/50,000 of pregnancies. The diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer in pregnancy remain poorly codified because of the rarity of cases and the limited data available on this pathology. We report here the case of a 33-year-old woman with a low-grade invasive serous carcinoma of the left ovary diagnosed during pregnancy, identified by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was treated by surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy without interrupting the pregnancy because she refused to. A c-section was programmed at 36 weeks of gestation with complement of surgery.

The objective is the 3D modeling of the Dabou onshore sedimentary basin based on data from 7 surveys. To do this, a lithostratigraphic reconstruction from gamma ray data was carried out. This reconstruction made it possible to establish a correlation between the formations and build the 3D geological model using RockWorks software.The lithological reconstruction reveals the presence of layers of sand which are intercalated by clay banks which constitute the Continental terminal. These formations are topped by two layers of barren earth, the upper layer of which is eroded in places. The correlation indicates lateral facies changes. In general, there is a decrease in the thickness of the bar earth and a considerable increase in the thickness of the Continental Terminal formations from the north to the south of the Dabou region. In places, we observe the absence of clay banks which can be explained by erosion phenomena and sedimentation gaps.The three-dimensional model makes it possible to better appreciate the evolution of the formations in the area studied. The model is mainly occupied by sands in which the clays are beveled. It highlights areas of erosion, areas of depression and elevation as well as the volumes of the formations. It reveals that the Dabou area is made up of a good sandy reservoir.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the content of total polyphenols in the leaves and stem of M. charantia. Three extraction methods (decoction, infusion and maceration) were used for a period of 60 minutes with a sample every 20 minutes. The conductivity and the coloring were evaluated on these different extracts. The total phenolic content of the extracts was estimated by Folin’s method. The color of the samples was measured based on the CIELAB color system using a colorimeter (KONICA MINOLTA-Japan). The results were processed with R software version 3.2.4 Revised (2018-03-16, R-70336) and Minitab 18 software. The results showed that decoction is the best method for extracting total polyphenols with 1.69 gAG.100.g-1 of extract, followed by infusion and maceration respectively 0.61 gAG.100.g-1 and 0.32 gAG.100.g-1. The analysis of the color of the extracts reveals that the intensity of the yellow color is more accentuated in decoction. The comparison of the content of phenolic compounds in the leaves and stems showed that the leaves and stems of M. charantia from the Fatick region are richer in total polyphenols than of M. charantia from the Dakar region.

Objectives: assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of health personnel in the Sangalkam Health District on blood exposure accidents. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, from April 1, 2023 to May 30, 2023. A standardised, anonymous questionnaire was drawn up and sent to healthcare staff. Results: A total of 60 carers took part in the study, 88.3% of whom were women. Midwives were more represented (31.7%). Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 69.6%. 31.7% of respondents were aware of the viruses most feared in the event of a blood exposure accident (HIV, HBV and HCV). They claimed to know the principles of universal precaution in 91.5% of cases. The prevalence of blood exposure accidents was 61.7%, i.e. 27% reported. Washing with soapy water was carried out immediately after the BEA in 56.8% of cases. Needles were recapped by 28.3% of respondents. Where there was a risk of splashing of biological fluid, personal protective equipment (gown, mask, goggles) was worn by 23.3% of respondents. Overloading of safety containers was reported in 11.7% of cases. Respondents’ knowledge and attitudes were not significantly related to socio-professional characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compliance with standard precautions and the use of safety equipment could significantly reduce the risks associated with AES. In addition, awareness-raising and vaccination of healthcare workers against hepatitis B should be encouraged.

It is estimated that around 3.5 billion people worldwide are affected by toxoplasmosis, the prevalence of which depends on geographical, climatic and socioeconomic conditions. This study was conducted to determine de sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in Bunia Health District. Cross sectional method supported by questionnaire was used in this study. The sample was made up of 375 pregnant women, through multi stage sampling. Content analysis supported by percentage calculation served to analyse data. After analysis, this study revealed that sero-prevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Bunia health District is 5.07%. Women aged 15-19 years were the most affected by toxoplasmosis in Bunia Health District, the pregnancy age was of 3-5 months, respectively to primiparous and multiparous. From these results, there is a strong need to strengthen pregnant women awareness on preventative means of toxoplasmosis using contextual strategies in Bunia Health District.