This reseach was initiated to study the eating habits of househods living in a context of malnutrition in the Miti-Murhesa heath zone, with the aim of contributing to the improvement of eating habits. To achieve this, three Heath areas were chosen. The households are those with at least one member suffering from severe acute malnutrition was being treated in a severe acute malnutrition management program (are cases), their direct neighbors without a story of malnutrition were selected as controls. A survey questionnaire was admimistered to mothers (preferably). The results show that illiterale fathers are numerous among the cases, 47 compared 22 among the controls. The control households have more properly than the cases (p=0,00154) and are also the control households which have a higher monthly income than the cases (p=0,00191). Most foods were consumed more in the control group than in the cases and frequency of meals was also lower for cases than their controls. There is thus a positive association between the socio-economic level of households and food consuption.

This study aimed to improve solar water disinfection through the use of photosensitizing substances (coumarin extracts of Citrus reticulata, Citrus aurantium and Citrus maxima). Solar disinfection shows negligible inhibition of fecal coliforms after 60 minutes of exposition to the sunlight. On the other hand, for photodynamic disinfection, complete inhibition is noted after 60 minutes of exposition. Regarding fecal enterococci, negligible inhibition is noted after 30 minutes for solar disinfection. On the other hand, for all coumarin extracts (Citrus reticulata, Citrus aurantium and Citrus maxima), complete inhibition is noted after 30 minutes of exposition to the sunlight. These results show that the use of coumarin extracts of Citrus reticulata, Citrus aurantium and Citrus maxima significantly improves solar disinfection. Additionally, these results show that fecal enterococci are more sensitive to photodynamic disinfection than fecal coliforms. This difference in sensitivity is due to the constitution of their cell walls. The wall of fecal coliforms (Gram-) is rich in lipopolysaccharides. These constitute a barrier to the passage of singlet oxygen. Whereas, the wall of fecal enterococci (Gram+) is easily penetrated by singlet oxygen (1O2) because it lacks lipopolysaccharides. After its passage, singlet oxygen destroys cellular constituents. This leads to the death of the bacterial cell.

How can technology, perceived by the general public as the crucible of rationality and impartiality, become an obvious source of submission to uncompromising power? This article attempts to shed some light on this fundamental question, taking the Enlightenment and the contemporary era as its starting point. The study reveals the fetishising of technology during these two periods, which were marked by technico-industrial dominance and a kind of reversal of thinking that placed individuals and the whole of nature under the dome of domination. How did we manage to reconcile technology and fetishism? What impact did this technology of divination have on the Enlightenment and the modern age? How can we break free from this technological spell? Using a historical and critical approach, this paper seeks to shed some light on the subject. The aim of this incursion is to deconstruct the mythical and mystical forms at work in technological deployment. In terms of results, the aim is to achieve a genuine culture of the technical object and to escape from any spellbinding universe.

This study conducted to explore the experiences of pregnant women with children under 24 months in Bunia town. The phenomenological method was used to carry out this study. Given the qualitative nature of this study, its sample was made up of 41 pregnant women with children under 24 months in Bunia town, selected intentionally and occasionally. Data was collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed through thematic analysis, supported by the development of a thematic framework. After the analysis, the study revealed that the respondents reported having become pregnant before returning monthly period, but also, they did not use contraceptive methods. Furthermore, women had a lot of attachment to their infants. They showed love, affection, trust. However, other infants showed the sign of contempt to parents. The respondents showed good progress despite a difficult start. The reactions felt were illness, pain and weakness. They reported that they do not have a positive opinion on close pregnancy, although for some, close pregnancy was viewed positively. Despite their condition, they fulfilled their marital responsibility without problem. On the other hand, for those who did not fulfill this responsibility, the husbands understood their situation well. Finally, the respondents had mixed behavior, positive and sometimes negative towards their loved one. Closely spaced pregnancy still remains common among Bunia town population and seems to be associated with a higher risk of certain complications (prematurity, low birth weight of the baby). There is therefore reason to develop new contextual awareness-raising strategies.

The objective of which is to understand to what extent the motivations of agri- entrepreneurs influence the viability of new forms of agricultural entrepreneurship in the periphery of Kinshasa. In total, 20 agri-entrepreneurs operating in the area were contacted. The main results of this research showed that the positive factors which lead public and private agri-entrepreneurs to seize profitable business opportunities or to increase income are more oriented and limited towards improving the quality of personal life and they thus succumb to the practice of hoarding land which limits the agricultural production necessary to supply the city; the negative factors of entrepreneurial motivation are essential for the viability of the agricultural activities of the agri-entrepreneur trader who has no other sources of income. Thus, to remedy the viability of agricultural entrepreneurship in the context of promoting family farming, the article draws attention to agricultural entrepreneurship, the role that peri-urban agriculture had to play through family farming. in the supply of the city of Kinshasa with foodstuffs and its contribution to socio-economic development but also, proposes to state decision-makers to review the policy of granting long lease, facilitate the social balancing of agricultural land, promote female entrepreneurship and encourage farmers to practice agriculture as a business.

The study of organic manure should not only be limited to the analysis of its effects on crop development and yield, but should also extend to the examination of its impact on maintaining or increasing soil fertility. A trial was conducted in Ngandajika on the residual effects or nutrient dynamics of two organic materials, cow dung and Tithonia diversifolia. At the end of this trial, the following results were recorded, the T2 treatment or the dung nutrient dynamics gave the yield of 2.87 T/ha and 3.16 T/ha respectively in maize monoculture and in maize-cowpea association, which are significantly higher than that achieved with T1 or Tithonia diversifolia nutrient dynamics 2.27 T/ha and 2.55 T/ha and the latter more than the control (1.41 T/ha and 1.63 T/ha). Thus, we can therefore remember that the nutrient dynamics of cow dung are stronger than those of Tithonia diversifolia on the maize crop more than on the control. Both organic manures with their element dynamics not only increase the yield of maize cultivation, they also increase soil fertility.

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the impact of the combination of manure (cow dung + DAP) and (Tithonia + DAP) on the growth and yield of the maize crop in monoculture and in association with cowpea compared to that of DAP + Urea. To assess this impact (the effects), measurements were made on the crop’s growth parameters including emergence rate, crown diameter, plant height and number of leaves. As far as production is concerned, measurements were made on the following parameters: the number of ears per plant, the number of rows per ear, the number of grains per row, the weight of a thousand grains and the yield. At the end of this study, the following results were recorded. Compared to the two cropping systems, there is no significant difference between maize monoculture and maize-cowpea combination. As for production parameters, the monoculture has a yield of 2.30 T/ha higher than the maize-cowpea combination with 1.39 T In terms of manure, it is the Tithonia + DAP combination that gives a higher yield than all the other monoculture treatments, while in the maize-cowpea combination, all the treatments show the same higher yield than the control.

Education is a fundamental lever for the socio-economic progress of nations, shaping their future through the development of skills and abilities of individuals. This article aims to explore the different facets of school education in Morocco, its current state, the reforms undertaken, and its future prospects to ensure sustainable and equitable educational development. It offers an in-depth assessment based on government reports and academic publications. The objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the issues and challenges of the Moroccan education system, while highlighting the opportunities and avenues of action to ensure quality and equitable education for all. The results show significant progress, such as increasing enrolment rates and improving infrastructure, but also highlight persistent challenges, including inequalities in access to educational resources, regional disparities in the quality of education, and the need to adapt to technological developments to ensure modern and inclusive education.

In a context where the life expectancy of people with disabilities is significantly increasing, largely due to greater awareness of the importance of early intervention and the development of tailored medical treatments, specialized rehabilitation programs often remain limited. These programs primarily rely on a traditional approach focused on reducing functional autonomy deficits and developing language skills, while frequently neglecting professional inclusion and its crucial impact on the social life of individuals with disabilities. This paper presents a review of contemporary best practices in social inclusion, addressing various types of disabilities and exploring initiatives developed in academic, associative, and corporate environments.

Soil nutrient analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics of agricultural fertility and productivity. Phosphorus (P) stands out among soil nutrients for its fundamental role in vital biological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and cell division. The study of variations in phosphorus content along toposequences, according to the specific topography of the lowlands, is proving to be a relevant approach to elucidate the complex interactions between abiotic factors and biogeochemical dynamics that govern soil fertility. This study aims to characterize spatial variations in soil assimilable phosphorus (P2O5) content as a function of edaphic parameters, using a multidimensional approach along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the lowland. This study was carried out in the locality of N’Zoupouri, in the department of Botro, about 40 km from Bouaké, in the Gbêkê region of central Côte d’Ivoire. The physicochemical analyses of the soil samples were carried out by French and international standard methods. The BORUTA algorithm used in this study can select the truly significant characteristics while ranking their importance. The result shows that potassium (K) content is a determining factor directly influencing this essential nutrient’s spatial variations and temporal changes. The close relationship between potassium and phosphorus in the soil highlights the importance of optimized agronomic management, in which potassium not only plays a supporting role but also acts as a key element in the release and stabilization of phosphorus that is available to plants.