Introduction: Blood symbolizes death for many communities in eastern DRC, but it represents life in hospitals. Blood donation mobilization campaigns have been launched by the Congolese government and international organizations to meet the high demand for blood bags resulting from the increased number of war wounded in North and South Kivu. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with households' perceptions of blood groups and the Rh factor in the Bagira health zone. A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire administered to a stratified sample of 272 households was conducted from March to November 2025. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were performed with Epi Info 3.5.3 (frequencies, proportions, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, odds ratios). The results show a lack of knowledge about blood groups (75.37%) and the Rh factor (86.76%), with a statistically significant difference for general knowledge (p<0.05). The negative perceptions were mainly linked to the lack of local awareness and screening programs. The study recommends widespread blood group and Rh factor screening to better meet blood demand and hospital emergencies.