Introduction: Blood symbolizes death for many communities in eastern DRC, but it represents life in hospitals. Blood donation mobilization campaigns have been launched by the Congolese government and international organizations to meet the high demand for blood bags resulting from the increased number of war wounded in North and South Kivu. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with households' perceptions of blood groups and the Rh factor in the Bagira health zone. A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire administered to a stratified sample of 272 households was conducted from March to November 2025. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were performed with Epi Info 3.5.3 (frequencies, proportions, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, odds ratios). The results show a lack of knowledge about blood groups (75.37%) and the Rh factor (86.76%), with a statistically significant difference for general knowledge (p<0.05). The negative perceptions were mainly linked to the lack of local awareness and screening programs. The study recommends widespread blood group and Rh factor screening to better meet blood demand and hospital emergencies.

Artisanal gold mining in Mukungwe is a vital activity for local socio-economic stability and the development of South Kivu province, with an estimated annual production of 70 kilograms of gold. Before its boom around 1960, the area boasted a forest and aquatic ecosystem rich in biodiversity. However, the intensification of mining activities has led to significant environmental degradation and socio-health disruptions. In this context, where gold mining coexists with agro-pastoral activities, the perceptions of mining impacts by both artisanal miners and non-miners remain poorly documented. This study aimed to gather their perceptions of the environmental and socio-health effects of gold mining in Mukungwe. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 112 participants (70 artisanal miners and 42 non-miners) using a questionnaire. Furthermore, the records of the Mukungwe Health Center were consulted for the period from June to December 2012. The results indicate a markedly negative perception regarding school dropout rates, an increase in illnesses, the discharge of mercury, cyanide, and mining effluents into the Nantanda and Kalazi rivers, as well as the loss of forests and wildlife. Inadequate protective equipment and the health risks associated with mining wastewater are also highlighted. Conversely, some social achievements (improved spring, schools, health center, 15 km road) are perceived positively. The study recommends sustainable and responsible mining practices that include reforestation of degraded areas.