With recent advances in the science of consciousness, there is an increased interest in the measurement problem of consciousness (MPC). The development of consciousness measurement systems (CMS) is still in its infancy without a formal framework and established design approach. This article presents a novel consciousness measurement framework that uses measurement workflow, design principles, the concept of observability, consciousness theories and technologies, and philosophical arguments. The framework proposes measurability criteria, applies them to different use cases, and identifies whether existing theories and technologies can measure consciousness attributes for specific use cases. Researchers and engineers can use the framework to develop CMS for individual use cases without being bogged down by the complexity of unknowns in the field of MPC.

The aim of this study was to understand the influence of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the city of Conakry. To this end, based on a qualitative approach, by interviewing 10 entrepreneurs, 4 incubators and 1 accelerator, we examined the role of actors in the formation of a dynamic and evolving entrepreneurial ecosystem. The results revealed ineffective institutions, lack of laws in case of contractual disputes, politically oriented leaders, difficult access to financing, lack of entrepreneurial skills, absence of entrepreneurial themes in the school curriculum, insufficient infrastructure, unfavorable market conditions and the development of entrepreneurship in public higher education institutions.

Gastronomy concerns all travelers throughout their stays. Culturally speaking, across cities or countries considered as major recipients of international tourism, there are internationally recognized tourist culinary specialties and certified according to their authenticity, originality and preserved and conserved qualities. In addition, the Kinois often consume traditional tourist meals improved in different recreational sites scattered throughout this capital of more than 17 million inhabitants, especially in the tourist commune of the commune of N’sele. However, all these products are of agricultural origin, a significant quantity of which is imported or produced internally but under unknown conditions, often non-ecological. The overall objective of this study is the promotion of sustainable agriculture which is the basis of sustainable and perennial gastronomic tourism. The methodological approach used for this study is diverse and multidisciplinary. Documentary analysis, systemic approach, comparison, observation, field survey, probabilistic sampling of 490 tourists in different sites, computer processing of data (Word and Excel 2016), statistical approach and literary and scientific interpretation allowed the realization of this article. However, it results that Congolese gastronomy attracts 95% of tourists in these recreational sites located in the commune of N’sele and only 5% come for foreign meals. Of these dishes, freshwater fish occupy the first position, especially the form of cooking in papillote with freshwater fish leaves, called «liboke or maboke». Reason why, in the concern for health and tourism sustainability, the Congolese State must commit to the culinary certification of local meals, their promotion throughout the world, the financing and promotion of sustainable agriculture to support local agricultural products and sustainable culinary tourism. Tourists and investors in the sector must advocate for the preservation of our cultural and culinary identity through the consumption and promotion of our own meals.

Dental impressions for prosthetics are a vector of contamination due to contact with the mucus and serous fluids of the oral cavity. The objective of this work was to assess the knowledge and practices of dental prosthesis practitioners regarding contamination via impressions in the dental office and in the dental prosthesis laboratory. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 40 volunteer practitioners who take or manipulate dental impressions in dental prosthesis offices and laboratories in the district of Bamako. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistics version 25.0 software. The male sex represented 82% of cases with an average seniority of 8.75 years. Private structures accounted for 60% of cases. Dental offices accounted for 82% of cases. Alginate was used as impression material in 97.5% of cases. Rinsing with water as a decontamination method was used in 42% of cases. Sodium hypochlorite was used as a disinfectant in 25% of cases. The training of the actors of the prosthetic chain, the development of the procedures of the decontamination and individual protection of each prove to be essential.

In Niger, artisanal and scale mining contributes to reducing the poverty of populations in rural areas by injecting considerable monetary income but creates many environmental problems. This study aims to analyze the environmental impacts of artisanal and small-scale mining at the Aouzegueur mining sector, with a view to helping reduce the environmental risks associated with the activity. The methodological approach consisted of field observations, surveys and interviews with stakeholders directly or indirectly associated with gold mining. Furthermore, a diachronic analysis of changes in the landscape of the Aouzegueur sector was carried out on the basis of satellite images. The results show, on the one hand, a significant regression in the areas of natural vegetation, hills and rocky terrain in favor of sand dunes. On the other hand, they show that gold mining has considerable negative impacts in the study area, particularly on soil, water, air, fauna and flora. Implementing an effective environmental management plan will limit the impacts of gold mining activities on these environmental components.

The objective of this study was to assess the seasonal contamination of the Lobo River by pesticide residues from surrounding crops. Water samples were taken eight times, in the dry and wet seasons, at the exit of agricultural plots (upstream) and in the watercourse (downstream). These samples were analyzed using a SHIMAZU liquid chromatograph. The analyses revealed the presence of nine different pesticides in the samples. Mancozeb, 2, 4-D and deltamethrin were the most detected at respective mean concentrations of 0.767 µg/L; 9.437 µg/L; 10.953 µg/L upstream and 0.326 µg/L; 8.579 µg/L; 9.160 µg/L downstream. Furthermore, the measured concentrations generally exceeded the international standards recommended by WHO, both for the total pesticides and for most individual molecules. The results also showed that agricultural activities exerted significant pressure on the water quality of the Lobo River, especially during the rainy season. Pesticides used in crops were drained by runoff into the watercourse, contaminating the aquatic ecosystem.

In southern Côte d’Ivoire, the situation in most of the forests in the Abidjan District is far from rosy. The case of the forest relic located within the Nangui Abrogoua University is even more alarming. To avoid the loss of floristic diversity and the negative repercussions on the nutrition and income of the populations, it is important to take stock of the plant resources available in this forest. The objective of this work is to assess the diversity of species that are sources of Non-Timber Forest Products exploited by local populations. The surveys carried out among the university’s populations made it possible to inventory 42 plant species, either. 24.85% of the species inventoried by the surface and itinerant survey methods. They are divided into 40 genera and 27 botanical families. Concerning the parts of the plant used, the results obtained showed that leaves are, by far, the most common non-timber forest product The evaluation of the ethnobotanical use values for the different source species of Non-Timber Forest Products showed that three (3) categories of uses have been identified, of which the field of scientific research is the most important. However, all the species collected are at different levels of importance and do not have the same social and economic value.

In this study which focuses on the theme of education, we propose to take a detour into the distant times of Greek Antiquity, to question ourselves and to educate ourselves. If we must justify such a digression in time, the reason is that the merit of this people lies, among other things, in their restoration of a close link between humanity and Education. The ideal that they envisaged during the golden age is at the origin of humanism in the sense that humanity is seen as a value. Let us not forget that Renaissance humanism is characterized by a return to ancient sources following the equation of equivalence between education and humanism. Following the belief that humanity is based on the full development of man’s faculties, Plato seems to be one of the scholars who reflected on the multiple ways, through multiple voices, of becoming a Man: erudition, wisdom, physical beauty, virtue, temperance, knowledge etc. We suggest drawing a thread from the fabric of this complex theme. It is a question of putting into perspective the Platonic debate on education via poems, fables... This subject is part of the famous crusade that Platonic philosophy leads against art and which is often read and treated in a manner univocal and sterile, this is why we will focus not only on the affinities of the philosopher’s analysis but also on the gray areas which make the Platonic point of view a fruitful thought in the educational field.

The evaluation of atmospheric contamination by metallic trace elements in a given environment is carried out by several techniques and methods that can make it possible to retain certain inorganic and organic chemical elements that we find in our environment. This work allowed us to characterize the samples of aerosols collected from different places in the city of Kolwezi using the aerodynamic principle to sample them from a Dichotomous type device. During our research, we sampled twice a day; in the mornings and afternoons for a period of 2 hours per sampling. As a result of industrial and artisanal mining activities releasing gaseous, liquid and solid waste into the environment associated with natural phenomena which at times concentrate contamination depending on the weather related to sudden climate change; we opted for a study based on the evaluation of atmospheric contamination by inorganic chemical elements contained in the PM 10 cases of the city of Kolwezi using portable X-ray fluorescence as a non-destructive analysis technique for aerosols fixed on the filter paper and as gravimetric sampling methods for collecting aerosols by impacting on filter paper. After analyzing the filters, we noticed that all the districts of the city that were the subject of our study have an excessive concentration of air particles with a size of less than 10 microns. The results obtained after the sampling work shows that the concentration of the particles sampled is 52 times greater than that published in 2012 by the WHO (i.e. 2623.524 micrograms/m3 in 2 hours of PM 10 particles which are greater than the limit value of the WHO, i.e. 50 microgram/m3). And after chemical analysis, we detected the following elements: Si, Mg, Al, Fe, Ca, Cu, Co, P, Zn, Cl, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, P, Col, K, Sb, Re, Mb, Cu.

Many companies are spurred on by the reward of the decision to go public. Following the objectives they pursue and the problems they want to solve with it, they can decide whether they want to go public or not, it is also a decision related to the degree of tolerance of the company’s owners regarding the information shared with the public and shared ownership. So it is interconnected with three crucial elements, namely; information, profitability, organization, or capital structure. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the literature that highlights the explanatory factors of an IPO decision. In particular, through the theoretical foundations underlying the decision to go public and its effect on control, capital structure, and other characteristics of companies. This article provides a more holistic and integrated view of the IPO as a corporate event and a strategic and managerial decision, and the way companies judge it when deciding whether or not to go public, and the conclusion offers avenues for future research.