Human-chimpanzee-livestock interactions in Pencely-Soyah-Sabouyah National Park pose increasing risks of zoonotic disease transmission and ecological degradation. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), listed as endangered, are particularly vulnerable, as are local human communities that share their habitats. This study examines major zoonotic diseases (anthrax, yellow fever, tuberculosis, malaria, enteric diseases, and monkey measles) in the context of competition for vital resources and increasing human development. Combining ethnobiology, statistical analyses, and qualitative and quantitative social research methods, the results show that the main foci of zoonotic transmission are located near water points, markets, butcheries, and ecological corridors frequented by chimpanzees. The study identifies several levels of threats: very low (presence of panthers: 11.38%), low (damage to crops and livestock: 13.05%), moderate (injuries and deaths related to human-chimpanzee interactions), high (decline of traditional conservation practices: 16.38%), and very high (transmission of zoonotic diseases: 20.55%). The most critical threat remains anthropization, which leads to a scarcity of essential resources (24.72%). The transmission of emerging diseases and the deterioration of ecosystems represent major risks to public health and biodiversity. A proactive approach involving an epidemiologist is essential to monitor transmission modes, implement epidemiological intelligence strategies, and reduce the risk of contamination in this key region.

Since the start of democratic transitions in 1990, African states, including Togo, have often experienced violence during electoral periods. This concerns violence before, during and after the elections calling into question the organizational conditions or the results proclaimed by the competent institutions. As a result, the organization of free, transparent, peaceful elections, the results of which will not be questioned or contested in the streets, becomes for African States both a challenge and a requirement. Despite the violence observed during certain electoral consultations, Togo succeeded in meeting the challenge of organizing peaceful elections. The present research aims to analyze the determinants of the peaceful elections of 2007, 2010 and 2013 in Togo. To achieve this objective, we used a mixed methodology which combined documentary research and empirical research carried out in the field through observation and individual interviews with the target population. The results of the research reveal that the assistance of international bodies, the reform of the conditions for organizing elections and the establishment of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (CVJR) made it possible to pacify the political climate and avoid the violence.

This article addresses an agronomic characterization of 11 hybrid cocoa families established in 2001 at the Divo Station. Objective. This study aims to determine the characteristics of CNRA Guyanese cocoa hybrids. Eleven hybrid families including six Guyanese hybrids were evaluated in the field at the Divo station for seven parameters relating to production, vigor, pod filling and graining. The experimental design was a total randomization of single-tree plots. The Guyanese hybrids F1 (P7 x GU123-B) and F2 (P7 x GU284-B) with 1.5 kg/ha/year were more productive and resistant to black pod disease with 7% rotten pods. Concerning the technological character of the beans, three guyanese families F3 (IMC57 x GU123-B), F1 (P7 x GU123-B) and F7 (IFC11 x GU123-B) and were among the best families for the average weight of a commercial cocoa bean with respectively 1.30 g; 1.28 and 1.27. Multivariate analyses highlighted three groups, the first of which is composed of three hybrids F1, F2 and F200 (including two guyanese) productive and resistant to black pod. The second group is composed of seven hybrids F3, F4, F7, F13, F10, F14, F209 including four guyanese which were moderately productive and less vigorous and the third group includes a control hybrid F203 with good graining. This study shows that the Guyanese families F1 and F2 presented the best yield and resistance to brown pod rot. These promising results constitute an indicator for the breeder in the choice of genotypes to use as parents in the context of improving cocoa trees for certain traits of agronomic interest. The best trees of this family could be introduced into the cocoa genetic improvement program in Côte d’Ivoire.

Present in traditional African societies and essentially focused on satisfying family needs, pottery is experiencing a craze at the pace of the evolution of contemporary societies. In Côte d’Ivoire, the center and north of the country are experiencing a dynamism in the pottery sector, closely linked to the dynamism of human interactions and the growth of tourism. In Tanou-Sakassou, a village located in the commune of Bouaké, in the center of Côte d’Ivoire, pottery occupies an important place in the socio-economic activities of the said village. As an integral part of its identity, pottery stimulates the tourist attractiveness of the village of Tanou-Sakassou, while de facto guaranteeing the sustainability of the practice of pottery activity within this village. However, the dynamism of this activity, thanks in particular to the adhesion of a new generation inclined towards modernism, has negative impacts on the natural environment. Based on this, this article aims to analyze the changes in the practice of pottery activity due to tourism as well as its impacts on the natural environment in the village of Tanou-Sakassou. To achieve this, we opted for a methodological approach composed of a bibliographical research and a field survey.