The 5G, internet of things and machine learning will shape the future of education in a way that makes the exchange of Big Data at stake, mainly the financial, personal and academic credentials of students and faculty. The 4.0 technology, known as the fourth industrial revolution, has arrived to fix issues germane to trust, transparency and security. This article focuses on how education could take advantage of this fourth industrial revolution 4.0, mainly through blockchain applications. This article is an outcome of a critical systematic review of the state of the art on the use of blockchain technology in education. The literature sampled have responded largely to the following question: how can blockchain improve the sector of education? It explores the different benefits of Blockchain in operating the online data of students, faculty, partners, etc., providing them with a sense of ownership and ease of access. It also focuses on how the blockchain technology revolutionizes the way educational data will be stored and exchanged by means of safe, quick and transparent blocks. The state of the art has revealed that the benefits of blockchain technology to education are numerous, ranging from management to enabled educational platforms. The outcome of this article provides institutions and educators with a framework of reference to implement the blockchain applications effectively. It is also a catalyst work for researchers who aim at delving into the mainstream of the indispensable debate of how education could take advantage of this fourth industrial revolution 4.0.

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are important source for sustenance of rural and urban populations. They contribute to food security and poverty reduction. In order to contribute to the knowledge and sustainable management of these products, ethnobotanical data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires between March and May 2022 in four (04) villages in the locality of Tonga. A total of 92 informants were involved in the study, including 52 women and 40 men. A total of 43 plant species belonging to 42 genera and 31 families used as a source of NTFPs were recorded. Seven major use categories of the NTFPs were identified. Out of these, food and medicine were the most dominant uses. In food categories, Fabaceae and Piperaceae, were the most represented (13% each) families; and the most cited plant species were Gnetum africanum, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Recinodendron heudelotii and, Garcinia cola, while in medicine, Poaceae and Asteraceae were dominant. Ageratum conyzoides, Eremomastax speciosa, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus and Raphia taedigra were the most used plants in medicine. Out of these species, ten (10) plant species are used in food, 32 in medicine, 6 plants are commonly used in both categories. The species Gnetum africanum (51,1%), Tetrapleura tetraptera (23,9%), Recinodendron heudelotii (21,7%), Garcinia cola (17,4%), Megaphynium macrostachym (18,5%), Cola pachycarpa (13%) are the most sought after in both areas. Trees (69%) and herbs (47%) were widely used. Whereas, leaves were the most solicited organs, and were mostly harvested from the forest (69,56%). Malaria and Stomach ache were the most treated diseases conditions. The most used method for drugs preparation was decoction. While picking (63%) and collection (21%) were the mainly practiced collection. This result constitutes a data base on the importance of NTFPs in the locality of Tonga.

Artisanal gold mining is gaining momentum in western Côte d'Ivoire. However, little information is available on the mineralized horizons and primary source of gold. The objective of our study is thus to investigate the artisanal mining sites of Doumbiadougou near Duékoué in order to characterize the gold horizons then the primary source of gold and to propose exploration guides. We carried out fieldwork in Doumbiadougou followed by lithostratigraphic correlations and interpretations at the University of Man. In Doumbiadougou, we observed saprolite derived from a felsic intrusive affected by sheared quartz veins of orientation ranging from N035 to N060°. On the lithostratigraphic level, two quarries served as a basis for study. Thus, in the quarry on eluvial, three horizons are observed from the bottom to the top: fine saprolite, ferruginous shell and ferruginous cuirass. The geological substratum is dominated by quartzites and micaschists. Then, the quarry on alluvium presents four horizons from the bottom to the top: clay, gravelly, clay-sandy, and sandy. Gold mineralization is primarily related to eluvial wells whose elements percolate and enrich alluvium in the surrounding shallows. This resulted in concentrating the gold in the gravelly horizon. The abundance of quartz in the gravelly mineralized horizon and in the veins as well as the substratum made of quartzite and micaschist gives an epigenic origin to the gold of Doumbiadougou. These veins and felsic intrusive that hosts them appear as guides to be sought for the mineral exploration project.

In this article, we are motivated by the educational demand which is low in Haut-Katanga in view of mixed financing. Thus, the educational market in this province reveals an imbalance linked to the financing of the educational supply and demand in deficit. Therefore, this request is grouped into five categories according to geographical areas and study costs in terms of costs. Several actors finance the demand and the supply which in turn is grouped into four categories in view of the cost of physical and material investments. These are the State, households, learners in the dynamics of educational financing of households, partners, and businesses. Several reasons are mentioned in this article among which economically, we have the centralized coordination of the educational market and the low income of households which justifies the low demand for education. Moreover, these reasons do not encourage households to send their children to school. In other words, the educational cost and benefits (benefits) are at odds with the labor market for the majority of learners. This is justified by the obsolescence of certain courses organized on the educational market at the secondary level. As a result, these streams do not keep up with the changing economic and technological environment that should benefit learners, their families and the province in the future. Thus, the educational market shows the remarkable deficit in terms of financial resources, infrastructure, accessibility and future economic and technological advantages of learners in the province of Haut-Katanga because the objective that the State is assigned is not reached.

Introduction: Noise is any sound or set of sounds considered undesirable because they are disturbing or because they are likely to affect health. Continuous exposure to average noise levels of over 85dB may cause several psychophysiological disorders Our study aimed to study the level of noise exposure and the state of hearing protection of workers at Conakry Gbéssia International Airport. Material and methods: This were a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 6 months from January 13, 2020 to June 13, 2020. It focused on SOGEAC employees at Conakry international airport. Results: our study involved 232 workers at Conakry airport, all exposed to noise. The study population was young with an average age of 34.84 +/- 19.84 and extremes of 18 and 57 years. The workers at Conakry airport who participated in our study were predominantly 72.73% men. The most common symptoms experienced during or after labor were wheezing / buzzing with 83.19%. All Conakry airport employees interviewed are equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE) on an annual basis, but only 36% regularly use such PPE. Conclusion: The absence or improper use of personal protective equipment appears to be the main factor in noise pollution among Sogeac workers However, better communication on the risks associated with noise pollution and the establishment of regular supervision of the correct wearing of PPE would improve the protection and safety of workers.

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge on the risks and prevention methods of pump attendants. Material and methods: This were a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 06 months from 01 March to 30 August 2019 Our variables were clinical (occupational risk and means of prevention) and epidemiological (age - gender - marital status - level of education - length of service). Results: In our study, the average age of pump attendants was 32.06 years. The most represented age group was 28 to 37 years old. The means of prevention mentioned by the pump attendants were dominated by the correct wearing of clothing, i.e. 98% followed by the wearing of boots and masks respectively 95% and 47%. The most dominant risk factor was intoxication with 123 cases or a rate of 61.5% followed by fires with 116 cases or a rate of 58%. Conclusion: The pump attendants of gasoline service stations have insufficient knowledge of the risks and prevention methods related to hydrocarbons. This prevention essentially involves training, information, education and communication actions on the risks associated with hydrocarbons.

Coastal lagoons maintain exchanges with marine and continental waters. These exchanges disrupt their settlement. Knowledge of the fish fauna of the Ivorian lagoons is of concern to those responsible for the development of the fishing sector.This study aims to characterize the spatio-temporal variation of the fish fauna and to identify the biological indices which determine the distribution of fish species and the state of exploitation of these fish in the Aghien-Potou lagoon complex. The fish were sampled from April 2019 to March 2021 from monthly experimental catches. Each identified specimen is weighed and measured. This study identified 54 species. This population is largely dominated by Coptodon and Chrysichthys. It is more diversified in the Aghien lagoon (RS = 23) than in the Potou lagoon (RS = 13). The Aghien lagoon communicates with the waters of the continental environment resulting in low salinity and a population with a continental or estuarine tendency. Conversely, the Potou lagoon with its communication with the sea, has a higher salinity and a population of fish with a marine or marine-estuarine tendency. The environment of the Aghien lagoon (w = 0.082) is more stressed than that of the Potou lagoon (w = 0.01). The results of this work constitute a basic element for decision-making in the quest for a strategy for the sustainable management of fisheries resources in Côte d'Ivoire.

Termites are of ecological and economic importance. The study was carried out to evaluate the attacks of cocoa trees by the termite pests in Tonkpi region. A total of 7 species of termite pests of cocoa trees belonging to 02 families and 4 sub-families were collected in Man and Biankouma plantations. Termite pests harvested at two trophic groups: wood-feeders and fungus growers. The Termitinae with 2 species, the Coptotermitinae and the Nasutitermitinae with 1 species, respectively were recorded and were wood-feeders. Coptotermes intermedius and Microcerotermes fuscotibialis xere the most termite pests of cocoa trees. The Macrotermitinae families were more diversified with 3 species of termite and were fungus-growers. The occurrence frequency of termite pests recorded was lower at Biankouma (<1%) and were between 0.08 and 3.16% at Man plantations. The Shannon’s index value of termite pests was 1.879 and 1.898 at Man and Biankouma, respectively. The attack rates of cocoa tree by termite pests were 9.555% and 2.235% at Man and Biankouma, respectively (F=29.676; ddl= 7; p= 0.002). The cocoa trees protection with biopesticides was recommended for increasing the yield and for termite’s conservation.

Introduction: Burnout is a common syndrome among medical students The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of burnout among students in the 7th year of the Faculty of Technical and Health Sciences of the University of Conakry. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study lasting 6 months from November 15 to May 15, 2020 The data was collected using an anonymous self-questionnaire providing information on the socio-demographic and professional characteristics of burnout, the data analysis was carried out using the software Epi info version 7. Results: The average age of the students was 26.48 with extremes of 23 and 35 years and a predominance of the male sex or 69% of cases The prevalence of burnout was 60.70%, high scores for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal achievement were 39.80%, 29.35% and 22.39% respectively There was a clear correlation between burnout and working hours in the hospital, workload and stress. Conclusion: Burnout presents risks to the health and safety of students in the 7th year of the FSTS Raising the awareness of the actors involved on the risk factors and their means of prevention is essential.

Combretum nigricans is a species of high socio-economic importance in West Africa and particularly in Burkina Faso. However, the strong anthropic pressure and the lack of knowledge on the different modes of regeneration constitute the main factors which hinder the stability of the stands of the species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of C. nigricans for vegetative propagation. To do this, two modes of vegetative regeneration were tested, namely root and stem cuttings and air layering. The results show that C. nigricans does not respond to vegetative propagation by root cuttings. However, tests on aerial fragment cuttings show that time period has a highly significant effect (p< 0.001) on the ability of the cuttings to vegetatively recover. The survival of the cuttings is strongly influenced by the diameter of the fragments (p< 0.001) and also varies from one period to another. Air layering carried out in March (during vegetative rest) gave after 06 months of follow-up a success rate of 45% with a high success rate for branches 16 to 18 mm in diameter. These preliminary results show that it is possible to reproduce C. nigricans by stem cuttings and air layering. These results are promising and open interesting perspectives for the improvement of gum production in Burkina Faso.