A study based on liquid waste refining has been carried out on a three-basin channel (one anaerobic, one optional, and one of maturation) of microphytes lagooning at the liquid wastes refining station from the Arzèkè market in Parakou (Benin), from June to August 2014. Quality determining measurements have been used for ten weeks on samples collected following a daily frequency for some, and a weekly frequency for others. The average refining yields have reached 82.39% in MES, 86.04% in DBO5 and 86.18% in DCO. The MES supplemental concentrations of the refined effluent are positive in 50% of the used measurements following recommended rejection norms by the European Union directives (< 150 mgl/1). Elimination of the phosphor is low and unstable with a 19.75% in PO43 average yield. Azotic pollution reduction has reached 53.98% in ammoniac azote, at times going beyond 75%. Globally, the Azote and phosphor elimination is low, and the supplemental contents remain quite high compared to the accepted limit for an effluent rejection in a sensitive eutrophication ecosystem. Lowering the bacterial pollution is important, reaching 6.32 ulog in overall coliforms and 5.24 ulog for Escherichia Coli. But the supplemental contents (3, 71 ulog) remain higher than the WHO norm (< 3 ulog) for a non-restrictive re-use in irrigation. As for the salmonellas, studies have revealed that station adopt a partial refinement going from 40 to 50%.

Analysis of peasant practices for the sustainable soy production has been achieved in the district of Kalalé. The objective of this research is to make the census of the different peasant practices which characterize that production, in order to have a compared analysis with the sustainable soy production methods recommended in Benin. The methodological approach use dis based on the structured interview for the farmers and the semi-structured interview for the farmers’ technical coaching agents of Kalalé. The sampling has taken into account 88 soy producers and 09 farmers’ technical coaching agents (TS and ACIPV) from the Kalalé agricultural area. The obtained results indicate that extensive production practices based on rampant increase of farming lands for better yield, has remained low. The Jupiter variety is dominantly farmed (79.54%) followed with the TGX (20.45%). The majority of the farmers (82.95%) take away their seeds from their former stocks, instead of referring to certified seeds. The seeds then are submitted to no prior treatment, nor any inoculation before being sown. Moreover, crops rotation is a common practice in the study area (62.79 %) and the mostly practiced farming system is soy in pure (79.55 %). For the land plowing, most soy farmers (64.77 %) do direct hillocking with bullfinch plought against 3.40 % of farmers who practice the recommended flat plowing, followed with 31.83 % farmer who used big hoes with their hands. All the inquired farmers have densities inferior to the recommended ones (10 cm x 50 cm). Despite the high poverty of soils, the use of organic fertilizers has been observed with none the inquired farmers. The mineral fertilizing is used by very few farmers (04.55 %). Also, dates, periods and doses for handling the fertilizers are not usually respected by those farmers who use them. The phytosanitary protection is totally absent from the study area.

From the market gardening activities that they carry out the urban farmers play an important economic role in contributing in a significant way, to the revenue of their households. The aim of the present article is to characterize the urban market gardening and to analyze its economic profitability in Parakou (north Benin) on the basis of the net margin of production. In that respect, some data have been collected from 125 producers and resource persons selected in a rational way in the city of Parakou. The analysis of the data collected on the basis of a questionnaire has been made with the help of descriptive statistics and tests of Khi-deux (χ2) of Pearson. The results have shown that the market gardening activity is exercised by men (84.67 %) and women (15.33 %) of 19 to 70 years old with 1 to 50 years experience. The tools used are still rudimentary and archaic. The application of fertilizer (organic and mineral) has brought out a cost which is up to 53.71 % of the expenses. The gross revenue of such exploitation is up to 11 150 F CFA with a gross margin of 6775 F CFA. The net monthly salary of the producers is on average up to 172 621 F CFA corresponding to a monthly salary of a senior staff in the Beninese public administration which is four times the GDMS (Guaranteed Decent Minimum Salary). This is to say that market gardening in Parakou is economically profitable in terms of net margin of production. It is then useful for the actors to work in synergy in view of a sustainable development of that activity through the improvement of agricultural practices, land securing and the access of the producers to adapted credits.