Climate change is putting significant pressure on agricultural activities. This chapter aims to analyze the perceptions of climate variability by cereal producers in the far north of Benin. To achieve this objective, meteorological data (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) from the period 1970 to 2018, socio-demographic data and agricultural data were used. Instat + and SPSS software enabled the analysis of the agro-climatic parameters of the season and the survey data on the local perception of the populations, respectively, in the form of tables and graphs. The results of the work reveal that the grain producers in the study environment perceive climate variability. Rising temperatures (94.86%), flooding (67.19%) and drought (58.6%). The analysis of climatic risks (precipitation, temperature and humidity) confirms the perception of these producers. Indeed between 1970 and 2018, the trends in precipitation and temperature are on the rise with increasing humidity.

The impact of debarking, a common practice in Parakou, is little known to the general public. This study, which focused on khaya senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and vitellaria paradoxa, aims to determine the impacts of debarking on biodiversity in the municipality of Parakou in 2019. The methodological approach was based on the documentary research, interviews, ethnobotanical surveys, floristic and dendrometric surveys, data processing and analysis of results. The non-probability sample with exhaustive recruitment of the different types of actors in the study area consists of 116 people. The floristic and dendrometric surveys were made through six (06) 900 m² (30 × 30) plots installed in the reforestation area of Parakou. A total of 17 species belonging to 17 genera grouped into 7 Families are listed. The Parkia biglobosa is 36% the most exploited species in the town followed by khaya senegalensis (33%) and vitellaria paradoxa at 31%. The barks (45.43%) and the leaves (29.83%) are the most used organs (seven (07) categories of use). The scarcely diversified perimeter has experienced significant deterioration. Destruction of habitats, reduction of species, vulnerability to bad weather and attack by pests, are among the impacts of debarking on biodiversity. Knowledge of the processes and factors that govern the regeneration of these species is one of the perspectives to be taken into account in terms of their protection and conservation.

Floods and extreme droughts, characteristic of the hydro climatic rhythm in the commune of Ouassa-Péhunco, influence the various agricultural productions and cause the occupation of the shallows. The objective of this study is to analyze the hydro-climatic rhythm of farming in the shallows of the commune of Ouassa-Péhunco. The qualitative and quantitative data used and processed by the statistical method made it possible to characterize the climate on the one hand and agricultural yields on the other. The results indicate that the rainy season begins from May to October with a peak in September and the dry season from December to April. With a late onset of rain, the shallows of the town of Ouassa-Péhunco flood from August to September according to the respondents with an alternation between rain and drought. The scarcity or availability of water resources impacts agricultural production in the lowlands through a drop in yield. Faced with this situation, adaptation strategies have been developed by the populations.

In the district of Tanguieta, the rise of temperature, the change in rain occurrence and extreme meteorological scales, have an impact on the different components of the pastoral system. Mountains confer each area, each valley a particular identity, giving the biodiversity additional dimensions. The present research work contributes to a better apprehension of the impact of the climate variability on the pastoral activity in the district of Tanguieta. The methodology used here goes through two steps: in the one hand, it is concerned with the literature related to the climate change issue, and its impacts on the pastoral activity in mountain area; in the other hand, it deals with investigations carried out with people working in the area about the impacts of the climate change on that pastoral activity, together with the spontaneous adaptations made by the breeders. This methodology has been completed by the PEIR analysis. Analysis of the climate parameters shows the global lowering tendency of rains with a series of exceeding or watery years (1950-1969) and a series of shortfall or dry years (1970-2010). Then, a global tendency of increased temperature and a growing wind speed is recorded. Finally, the early drying up of water and the lack of natural fodder have provoked some disease vectors in animals, and pastoring problems to the breeders.

A study based on liquid waste refining has been carried out on a three-basin channel (one anaerobic, one optional, and one of maturation) of microphytes lagooning at the liquid wastes refining station from the Arzèkè market in Parakou (Benin), from June to August 2014. Quality determining measurements have been used for ten weeks on samples collected following a daily frequency for some, and a weekly frequency for others. The average refining yields have reached 82.39% in MES, 86.04% in DBO5 and 86.18% in DCO. The MES supplemental concentrations of the refined effluent are positive in 50% of the used measurements following recommended rejection norms by the European Union directives (< 150 mgl/1). Elimination of the phosphor is low and unstable with a 19.75% in PO43 average yield. Azotic pollution reduction has reached 53.98% in ammoniac azote, at times going beyond 75%. Globally, the Azote and phosphor elimination is low, and the supplemental contents remain quite high compared to the accepted limit for an effluent rejection in a sensitive eutrophication ecosystem. Lowering the bacterial pollution is important, reaching 6.32 ulog in overall coliforms and 5.24 ulog for Escherichia Coli. But the supplemental contents (3, 71 ulog) remain higher than the WHO norm (< 3 ulog) for a non-restrictive re-use in irrigation. As for the salmonellas, studies have revealed that station adopt a partial refinement going from 40 to 50%.