The present research aims to study the variability of the NDVI in the step of annual times in the catchment area of Upper Ouémé between 2000 and 2015. Vegetation Index data is analysed to highlight the spatial variation time of vegetation. The MODIS 250 m resolution are used to analyse the details of the dynamics from 2000 to 2015. Generally, vegetative activity in the Upper Ouémé, declined during the 2000-2015 time series. The spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation brought together the months of the year, according to homogeneous dynamics. So some months, like those of July-August, are marked by a significant improvement in the vegetation. Others, contrariwise, knows a reverse situation. These are the months from November to February. The Pettit test applied to the series of NDVI MODIS shows that between 2000 and 2015, the data are not homogeneous and that there are dates from which the changes were observed in the data. The year of greater plant production is 2003. As for the year to the smaller plant activity, it corresponds to 2005.

From the market gardening activities that they carry out the urban farmers play an important economic role in contributing in a significant way, to the revenue of their households. The aim of the present article is to characterize the urban market gardening and to analyze its economic profitability in Parakou (north Benin) on the basis of the net margin of production. In that respect, some data have been collected from 125 producers and resource persons selected in a rational way in the city of Parakou. The analysis of the data collected on the basis of a questionnaire has been made with the help of descriptive statistics and tests of Khi-deux (χ2) of Pearson. The results have shown that the market gardening activity is exercised by men (84.67 %) and women (15.33 %) of 19 to 70 years old with 1 to 50 years experience. The tools used are still rudimentary and archaic. The application of fertilizer (organic and mineral) has brought out a cost which is up to 53.71 % of the expenses. The gross revenue of such exploitation is up to 11 150 F CFA with a gross margin of 6775 F CFA. The net monthly salary of the producers is on average up to 172 621 F CFA corresponding to a monthly salary of a senior staff in the Beninese public administration which is four times the GDMS (Guaranteed Decent Minimum Salary). This is to say that market gardening in Parakou is economically profitable in terms of net margin of production. It is then useful for the actors to work in synergy in view of a sustainable development of that activity through the improvement of agricultural practices, land securing and the access of the producers to adapted credits.