This article determined the relationship between academic achievement and the level of education of parents. The study was focused on the students was studying the second grade of elementary education, during the years 2016. The design of the research was explanatory and not experimental, quantitative type. We considered the econometric methodology used by (Huff & Schaller, 2009) they was estimated a simple econometric model that predicts the academic achievement of children, as a function of your own characteristics and their family. Obtaining of the data of the student's sex and level of studies of the parents, a sample population of 96 students (51 male students and 45 female students) and 96 mothers were considered, the scores of each student were obtained from the census evaluation of students, Ministry of Education-Peru. It was found that female students show higher academic achievement in reading comprehension and mathematics compared to male students. The level of studies of the parent has a positive and statistically significant influence on reading comprehension when associated with female students, in contrast the level of studies of the mother has a positive and statistically significant influence on reading comprehension when associates him with male students. The mother's level of education has a positive and statistically significant influence on mathematics when associated with male students and also with female students.

C4 plants are plants with modified photosynthetic metabolism, allowing overproduction of organic matter, compared to other so-called C3 plants. It is for this reason that C4 plants are used primarily in the nutritional and nutritional formulations of infants. Current data on these plants are only limited to Western work done on a limited sample. This work has been done to identify the C4 food plants found on the Gabonese market. A collection of food plants was thus carried out on the central market of Franceville, and the samples studied in the laboratory. The determination technique was based on anatomical identification of perivascular sheaths at the level of cellular cross sections. The results obtained showed that out of 32 species analyzed, only 5 plants belonging to 2 families were of C4 typology. These are local lemongrass (Cymbopogon cytratus, Poaceae), maize (Zea mays, Poaceae), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum, Poaceae), Chinese lemongrass (Cymbopogon sp., Poaceae) and folon / amaranth (Amaranthus sp. Amaranthaceae). The presence of C4 plants on the Gabonese market seems relatively weak.

Generally, in the tropical countries and particularly in Benin one of the main risks that threatens the life of the human, animal and plant beings is the drought. The objective of this research is to analyze the vulnerabilities to the drought of the study area, in order to evaluate their influences on the pastoral ecosystems of the center and north of Benin. For this to happen, the Pluviometrics Indications of Deficit and the pluviometrics discrepancy have been determined. The mapping results permitted to evaluate and to extract the area occupied by each modality of vulnerability. The analysis of the results shows the zones with low vulnerability to the drought are more extended (2 554 316,78 Ha) with a cover area of 65,50% of the study area and an unequal distribution. While the zones with moderate vulnerability to the drought are of about 1 022 637,48 ha and occupy 26,22% of the study area. Whereas the zones with strong vulnerability to the drought (322 729,738) occupy 8,28% of the study area.

In the Territory of Ikela Democratic Republic of Congo as in most black African societies, peace aspirations led to develop pacification techniques whose aim is to avoid or at least curb violence and open conflicts. This gave rise to a range of dissuasive practices, restrictive and conflict prevention modes. This case Pact "BONGEMBE BOKUHE or" treated in this study. The Pact has promoted peaceful coexistence and social cohesion between peoples BOYELA group and ENE KOKA YANGENI the town in the Territory Ikela in the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, this pact "BONGEMBE or BOKUHE" was only appeased their social relationships, but it also encourages the commission of certain facts despicable violation of law and morality. This dialectic raises several questions specifically, that of perception pact "BONGEMBE or BOKUHE" by these two peoples despite its advantages and disadvantages. Thus, in this reflection, we have tried to answer this question. We demonstrated that the pact "BONGEMBE or BOKUHE" under examination consists of a set of customs, practices and beliefs that are accepted by the people of Boyela ENE KOKA group and the village YANGENI as binding rules of conduct. It is part of their social and legal systems and their life style. So that the majority of our sample deems fit this pact.

The geochemical study of the sequences of 3rd order of the East of the margin of Abidjan permitted to identify the source rocks of the albian deposits. The pyrolytic methods applied to 30 samples of cuttings, from the drillings Freedom 1 and 2, revealed three types of organic matter at the early of maturity, the types III, II/III and II in the sequences. The variation of the origin of the organic matter in the systems tracts of the sequences testifies a change in the environment of deposit in phase with the eustatic fluctuations. The passage from the type III or II/III to the type II, eventually coupled with a rise of the values of the TOC and/or S2, in this study, evokes a rise in the marine level which would support the good conditions of safeguarding of the organic matter. The albian source rocks in the drilling Freedom 1 are bad source rocks whereas those in the drilling Freedom 2 are good producing source rocks of oil and/or gas hydrocarbon.

Fever in newborn remains one of the major reasons of pediatric consultations. Utilization of the healthcare facility is sometimes late leading to the increased risk of death. The aim of our study was to evaluate knowledge and practices of nursing mothers attending the immunization ward and to identify influencing factors. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted in February 2014 in Biyem-Assi health district, center region, Cameroon. The interview was done using a standard paper-based questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was performed using EPI Info software version 3.5.3. A total of 275 mothers was interviewed. The median age was 26, IQR [23; 30) years. About 82.9% (n=228) had attended at least secondary school and 1.5% had not been to school. About 54.6% (n=149/273) of children present for immunization were females; median age was 03 months, IQR [2; 9]. Half (137) of our respondents had good knowledge of fever in newborn. Concerning management of fever in newborn, 62.9% (n=173) of mothers reported self-medication compared with 22.9% (n=102) who, in case of fever, went to a healthcare facility. Level of education and occupation appeared to be the key factors that influenced knowledge and practices on fever in newborns. The level of knowledge and practices of mothers in Biyem-Assi health district concerning fever in the newborn seems to be quite good. However, given the factors influencing them, there is need to further educate mothers on screening and appropriate management of fever.

Hospital performance is a multidimensional concept, difficult to define. Several models for measuring and evaluating the performance are present in the literature. The Moroccan Ministry of Health is seeking to establish a standard tool to assess the performance of hospitals, including university hospitals that provide tertiary level care. The Ibn rochd University Hospital of Casablanca adopts a performance evaluation process that complies with the regulations in force and respects the organization stipulated in its internal regulations. The objective of this paper is to describe this process and its content of performance measurement indicators constituting the activity report, and to analyze them according to a managerial vision made by a research team in management sciences. Within the framework of this work, we based ourselves on non-participating observation and also on benchmarking with the various actors involved in the process. The analysis of the process and indicators allowed us to identify a number of dysfunctions and to propose areas for improvement.

Since the end of the bipolar system, Africa has faced the resurgence of intra-state armed conflicts. Faced with these intra-state armed conflicts, there is a solidarity of the international community, at the top of which are some international organizations and some major powers that intervene militarily in that intra-state armed conflicts. Regarding the military interventions of the major powers, it must be noted that France is one of the major powers that is most active in Africa. His military interventions multiplied during the post-bipolar period. But the opinions are divided on the effectiveness of these military interventions. They are effective for some and ineffective for some others. On the one hand, we draw up the active balance and on the other hand the passive balance of these military interventions. The factors contributing to the active balance of these military interventions include the search for their legitimacy, their promptness, France’s military capacity and its influence on the international scene. And the factors contributing to the passive balance of these military interventions include the quest or preservation of interests on the part of France, the failure of the global approach to armed conflicts favoring the three D (Defense, Diplomacy and Development) and the failure of the democratic system in African states. But the statebuilding is the best solution that could effectively pull African states from the intra-state armed conflicts that are eating them up. It’s up to every African to think about how to rebuild the state in Africa.