This article determined the relationship between academic achievement and the level of education of parents. The study was focused on the students was studying the second grade of elementary education, during the years 2016. The design of the research was explanatory and not experimental, quantitative type. We considered the econometric methodology used by (Huff & Schaller, 2009) they was estimated a simple econometric model that predicts the academic achievement of children, as a function of your own characteristics and their family. Obtaining of the data of the student's sex and level of studies of the parents, a sample population of 96 students (51 male students and 45 female students) and 96 mothers were considered, the scores of each student were obtained from the census evaluation of students, Ministry of Education-Peru. It was found that female students show higher academic achievement in reading comprehension and mathematics compared to male students. The level of studies of the parent has a positive and statistically significant influence on reading comprehension when associated with female students, in contrast the level of studies of the mother has a positive and statistically significant influence on reading comprehension when associates him with male students. The mother's level of education has a positive and statistically significant influence on mathematics when associated with male students and also with female students.