Agricultural land, the main production factor, is under increasing pressure in the Maradi region of Niger. The meteoric rise in land transactions and land grabbing justifies this study to assess their impact, including the emergence of landless peasants. The study was carried out in twenty-one (21) villages in the communes of Baoudeta, Djirataoua, Guidan Roumdji, Sherkin Haoussa, Guidan Sori, Chadakori and Tchadoua in the Maradi region. Data were collected through individual interviews with a 30% sample of farmers in each village, supplemented by participant observation and focus groups. A total of 823 farmers of both sexes were surveyed. The results show that the average number of people per farm is ten (10). Access to land was by inheritance in 55.3% of cases, and 11.7% of respondents were landless as a result of successive transactions. A hierarchical ascending classification enabled us to identify three (3) classes of producers according to land tenure status: farmers with stable land tenure status, those with unstable land tenure status whose land is acquired by lease or pledge, owning on average 1.22± 1.5 ha, and landless farmers with an average family burden of 11 ± 4 dependents. The latter engage in a variety of off-farm activities to secure their livelihoods, such as petty trading, the sale of wood and fodder, handicrafts, begging and rural exodus. Production systems vary according to the land base of the farmer, which impacts the development of family farming and household food security.

This study assesses the relationship between formal communication and the work climate at COOPEC Pilote, employing Kendall’s correlation to analyze this connection. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to the cooperative’s employees. The analysis indicates that the work climate is rated as good at 52.6%, primarily due to a human resources management approach that combats discrimination and values well-done work. However, the results from the Kendall test reveal a negative correlation between formal communication and the work climate, with insufficient data to establish a significant relationship. Consequently, the null hypothesis, which posits the absence of a link between formal communication and the work climate, is accepted.

Abstract: The matter of political crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo has become a large field of thoughts making the subject matter of much work in different domains of scientific research. The present piece of work deal with the same question in its philosophical aspect facing the theory of gratefulness to the various researches done about the DRC to reveal out the scope tracks of reconnaissance and then put forward some trails of solution. Being inspired by some experts together with our own experience on the field, we've suggested remedy on three levels: to leaders, to the Congolese people, and to the international partnership considering that in nowadays no state can subsist alone. Despite the dark chart of coverages of reconnaissance of the DRC, that can dishearten the leaders, the population, and the different foreign partners whose most of them fear to arrive in Congo and invest there; it's still possible to watch out a better future in the DR Congo, a grateful society, this may drop off like manna but by a strong effect of education by reconnaissance at all the levels of its society.

This study was carried out with the aim of analysing the governance and risk management process within the religious denominations in the town of Bunia. After analysis, the study revealed the following: - Governance processes within religious denominations in Bunia have shortcomings and need to be improved if they are to be effective; - Risk management within religious denominations in Bunia is incomplete. In order to improve these religious denominations and make them more professional, there is a need to promote ongoing professional training in this area of organisational governance.

This study was conducted in order to analyse the control and implementation of internal audit recommendations within the religious denominations in Bunia. The quantitative method was used to carry out the study in 32 member churches of the religious denominations in Bunia, drawn using weighted stratified sampling. The questionnaire and documentary analysis were used to collect the data. Content analysis supported by percentage calculations was used to analyse the data. After analysis, the study revealed the following: - The state of control of the various management procedures within the religious denominations in Bunia is fairly good. - The recommendations relating to the risks identified during the internal audit of religious denominations in Bunia have not been implemented. In order to improve these religious denominations and make them more professional, there is a need to promote ongoing professional training in this area of organisational governance.

This study was conducted to explore the psychosocial experience of diabetes by diabetics attending the Evangelical Medical Centre Nyankunde, Bunia Hospital Centre. It was carried out using the phenomenological method supported by semi-structured interviews with 30 diabetics. After analyzing and processing the data using content analysis, the study revealed that as soon as their diagnosis is announced, diabetics experience diabetes as a disappointment for some, as stressful for others, and as denial (non-acceptance of the disease ‘diabetes’). In the daily lives of diabetics after the diagnosis, diabetes is experienced as stress for some, for several reasons: a life of dependence, bankruptcy, giving up work, encouraging the onset of other illnesses, eating badly (adherence to a diabetic diet), taking medication at all times, suffering at all times, loss of self-image and, finally, depression for others. Socially, diabetes has an impact on the relationship between diabetics and those around them. The family maintains a good relationship despite their member being affected by diabetes. At work, there is a change in professional life, and at the hospital, there is a great deal of support through the good relationship between the nursing staff and diabetics, which gives the latter hope for life. As for the church, it demonstrates a good relationship with diabetics and is of great importance in their lives, as it introduces them first and foremost to God, who is the solution to every human problem. Although diabetics try to adapt to their condition with the support of members of their societies, diabetes remains a burden that requires awareness for its prevention and holistic support for its victims.

This research explores the perceptions of the inhabitants of Bunia on the use of depigmenting cosmetic products. The qualitative research design using ethnographic method was used to conduct this study. Semi-structured interview was used to carry out this study with a sample of 80 participants, chosen by occasional sampling. After analysis, the study revealed that the main reasons for the use of depigmenting consmetic products were the desire to achieve a clearer complexion and to improve one’s appearance, influences marked by social norms and the media. Some users also use it for therapeutic purposes, in particular to treat skin problems such as acne. The analysis reveals a preference for several types of product. Milks and lotions top the list, followed by injections and tablets, while depigmenting soaps are still widely used. Although some people believe that men and women use depigmenting products equally, the practice is still predominantly female. Participants expressed deep concern about the associated health risks: skin cancers, medical complications, unpleasant body odours and irregular pigmentation problems. In view of these results, it is vital to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, by stepping up targeted awareness-raising campaigns, using innovative approaches, but also by ensuring regulation, banning the most harmful products and promoting greater individual awareness of the risks.

Introduction: The South Kivu province faces increasing health risks due to recurrent natural disasters. In 2023, floods caused hundreds of deaths and disappearances in Kalehe, while Uvira experienced a resurgence of cholera cases. In 2024, the situation worsened with a rise in waterborne and infectious diseases, severely impacting the health of local populations. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Uvira and Kalehe health zones in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The sample included 768 randomly selected households. Data collection was carried out using survey questionnaires, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS 27. Results: The results indicate that several factors significantly exacerbate health risks in these disaster-affected areas. Among them are population displacement, the destruction of homes and health infrastructure, the loss of material goods, water source contamination, overcrowding in temporary shelters, psychological distress, and diarrheal diseases (p<0.05). Additionally, the disruption of healthcare services and supply chains further complicates the health response. Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for an adaptive response to strengthen the health system against natural disasters and improve the care of affected populations.