Introduction: The South Kivu province faces increasing health risks due to recurrent natural disasters. In 2023, floods caused hundreds of deaths and disappearances in Kalehe, while Uvira experienced a resurgence of cholera cases. In 2024, the situation worsened with a rise in waterborne and infectious diseases, severely impacting the health of local populations. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Uvira and Kalehe health zones in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The sample included 768 randomly selected households. Data collection was carried out using survey questionnaires, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS 27. Results: The results indicate that several factors significantly exacerbate health risks in these disaster-affected areas. Among them are population displacement, the destruction of homes and health infrastructure, the loss of material goods, water source contamination, overcrowding in temporary shelters, psychological distress, and diarrheal diseases (p<0.05). Additionally, the disruption of healthcare services and supply chains further complicates the health response. Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for an adaptive response to strengthen the health system against natural disasters and improve the care of affected populations.