Agricultural land, the main production factor, is under increasing pressure in the Maradi region of Niger. The meteoric rise in land transactions and land grabbing justifies this study to assess their impact, including the emergence of landless peasants. The study was carried out in twenty-one (21) villages in the communes of Baoudeta, Djirataoua, Guidan Roumdji, Sherkin Haoussa, Guidan Sori, Chadakori and Tchadoua in the Maradi region. Data were collected through individual interviews with a 30% sample of farmers in each village, supplemented by participant observation and focus groups. A total of 823 farmers of both sexes were surveyed. The results show that the average number of people per farm is ten (10). Access to land was by inheritance in 55.3% of cases, and 11.7% of respondents were landless as a result of successive transactions. A hierarchical ascending classification enabled us to identify three (3) classes of producers according to land tenure status: farmers with stable land tenure status, those with unstable land tenure status whose land is acquired by lease or pledge, owning on average 1.22± 1.5 ha, and landless farmers with an average family burden of 11 ± 4 dependents. The latter engage in a variety of off-farm activities to secure their livelihoods, such as petty trading, the sale of wood and fodder, handicrafts, begging and rural exodus. Production systems vary according to the land base of the farmer, which impacts the development of family farming and household food security.

Conducted in the urban commune of Madarounfa, this study aims to analyze the potential of honey production and the contribution of beekeeping to the economy of rural households. The study covered six villages namely Saulawa, Tsola, Kabobi, Bargaja, Dan Toudou and Garass. A total of 39 beekeepers were identified and surveyed. In addition to the survey, visits and observations were carried out on the production sites to assess the technical production outlet as well as the quantity and quality of the honey obtained. Although, the production of honey is artisanal, this activity constitutes a significant source of income. The results of the study revealed that the beekeepers of the commune of Madarounfa have a long experience in the field and this due to the melliferous potentialities that exist in this ecological zone. In fact, 28 melliferous species have been identified. Species like Vitellaria paradoxa and Faidherbia albida are the most visited by the bees. It also appears that the production of honey is very variable according to the seasons. Thus, the cold season from November to January is the favorable period to the high production of honey. The income from the sale of honey is very appreciable and turns on average around 114,862 FCFA / year per beekeeper and per village. Despite this significant contribution to the household economy, beekeeping faces enormous difficulties including the lack of support from partners, lack of organization of beekeepers and the lack of an adequate management plan.

The determination of the impact of the Natural Regeneration Assisted on the avifauna, which is very good indicating of transformation of the landscapes, requires proceeding to its inventory. The present study carried out in the village of Dan Saga in the months from September 2014 and 2015 which a site par excellence of the RNA were for the first time the object of an inventory in order to see the contribution of the Natural Regeneration Assisted on the return of the avifauna. In this direction it was preceded, with an inventory of the avian biodiversity by the combination of the methods of line and not transects. Thus, eight transects were traversed during the two programs of census. It comes out from this study that the village of Dan Saga has a good avian diversity, represented by 29 species of which most frequently observed are pass griseus, Bubalornis albirostris and Petronia dentata. These species set out again in 20 Families. The Kilometric Index of Abundance (KIA) were much more important on Transect of North-West (TNO) and Transect of North (TN) where Faidherbia albida are important; on the other hand Transect of East (TE) presents the weakest IKA. Finally we can say that assisted natural regeneration supports the maintenance and the blooming of avian fauna.