The proposed study aims to qualitatively analyze the limestones of Lukunga, within the Lukala subgroup (Neoproterozoic) in the Mbanza-Ngungu region, to determine their potential for industrial valorization. The petrographic and geochemical characteristics, which determine the quality and are crucial factors for identifying industrial valorization potential, have shown that these limestones from Lukunga, in accordance with existing international standards, possess features suitable for valorization in various industrial sectors, such as the manufacturing of construction materials and lime production. However, they remain unsuitable for cement manufacturing and the chemical industry due to their relatively high silica content.

This study explores the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into urban waste management in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), focusing on Lubumbashi as a case study. The goal is to address the growing challenges of waste accumulation and inefficient infrastructure management using smart bins. These devices are equipped with sensors to monitor fill levels and communicate in real-time with management systems. The Unified Process (UP) method structured the development, while SysML modeling ensured precise design. A functional prototype was created, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in an urban context of the DRC.

The manifestations of land tensions in Ivorian cities in general and especially in Adzopé in the face of rapid urbanization are observed in different forms and generate many problems. This study aims to show the link between urban sprawl and land tensions in the city of Adzopé. In the data collection two (2) methods were used to gather all the information necessary for this study. These include secondary sources and primary sources. Secondary sources have provided access to general and specific documents dealing with land tensions in general. All this data was then obtained by using the techniques of collecting primary sources consisting of participant observation and field survey. The study shows that 78.3% of the population surveyed were faced with a land dispute, compared to 21.7% who were not victims of land conflicts in Adzopé. At the level of land policy, ignorance of the land code is the main factor with 53.3% of households surveyed. In addition, the factor of anarchic housing developments within the city of Adzopé is very important with 37.9%. Also, at the level of economic factors, it appears that in Adzopé the cost of land is high and varies between 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 FCFA is estimated at 33.3%.

This study, conducted in the commune of Sokorbé (Western Niger), aimed to characterize half-moons (multifunctional and conventional) and to assess the applicability of technical standards according to soil types. To this end, three experimental sites were installed on three distinct landscape units: the high plateau, the low plateau, and the glacis, where nine half-moon models were studied. Data were collected primarily based on measurements during and after construction of the structures. The results showed that the single-trench, multi-trench, and conventional models are more suitable for agricultural production due to the large number of zaïs. In terms of water storage capacity, the conventional and single-trench models proved more efficient, with 1.25 m3 and 1.16 m3 per structure, respectively. Regarding compliance with technical construction standards, structures built on the glacis are closer to theoretical standards than those built on the plateaus. An assessment of construction time shows that the time taken to complete structures on the glacis is shorter than that on the plateaus. 75% of structures per unit area are completed in less than 60 minutes on the glacis, compared to 50% on the plateau soils. Structures requiring maintenance have an average lifespan of four years, twice that of structures that have not received maintenance. Therefore, the construction context and the objectives should guide the choice of half-moon structures in the Sahel.

This study is a contribution to fonio’s agroecological intensification cultivation. Objective is to propose innovative recommendation based on interaction between fertilization*seed rate *sowing arrangement to increase fonio yields. A factorial trial was set up in Mali. Paddy yield and plant density were evaluated. Treatment involving mineral fertilization was the most productive with 10% gain over those involving compost and 30% over those involving zero fertilizer. In zero fertilizer condition, the best treatment with 640 kg ha-1 yield paddy combine zero fertilization, 15 and 30 kg ha-1 seed rate and broadcast sowing. In mineral fertilization condition the best treatment with 1090 kg ha-1 combine mineral fertilizer, 15 and 30 kg ha-1 seed rate and broadcast sowing. In compost condition, the best treatment combine compost, 15 and 30 kg ha -1 of seed rate and broadcast sowing and compost, 1 and 2 kg ha -1 seed rate and line sowing, with an average paddy yield of 835 kg ha-1. Doubling seed rate does not affect paddy yield, but affects essentially plant density for treatments involving broadcast sowing. Treatments involving broadcast sowing with 30 kg ha-1 of seed rate have plant density higher than 46%, 71% and 88% then treatments including broadcast sowing, 15 kg ha-1 seed rate, line sowing and hill dropping sowing at a seed rate of 2 kg ha-1, respectively.

Mbujimayi, a post-colonial city in the Democratic Republic of Congo, is experiencing urbanization characterized by the absence of forward-looking planning, which has led to land speculation and the anarchic occupation of urban space. This article proposes to analyze the urban dynamics of the 1950 and 1960 urban space (between 1950 and 1960) and the spontaneous space, more than 60 years after its independence (from 1960 to 2020). The unprecedented population growth of Mbujimayi from 21875 inhabitants in 1950 to 3490211 inhabitants in 2020, mainly following the repression of the Shaba (Katanga) to the Kasai of the Baluba – Lubilanji and other ethnic groups in 1992, has caused the total consumption of the base of the Mbujimayi area with an overflow of the area. The latter has reached 145.80 km2 in fact, including 106.86 km2 of legal area. Thus, the extension of the city of Mbujimayi blocked by the natural limits (the rivers Muya in the north, Kanshi in the south and Mbuji-Mayi in the east) was built only in its western part, in the commune of Bipemba. It has created two boundaries, one legal which remains immutable, and the other de facto which is mutable in the Mulenda and Mukumbi sectors of the territory of Lupatapata. The coexistence of these two boundaries legally creates a biased situation in the delimitation of this city.

In a report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, CO2 produced by human activities is the main cause of global warming, and for that published by the United Nations Program United for Environment and the Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction, the building sector accounts for approximately 37% of greenhouse gases globally. Therefore, collective or individual resilience is essential and calls on researchers to provide palliative solutions in the field of housing, including reducing the energy consumption of buildings. Studies have been done in this direction but the problem still remains relevant. Using an innovative approach, we are interested in the bioclimatic design of buildings in dry tropical climates. The objective of our study aims to design strategies or techniques for designing a bioclimatic building. The research methodology will be based on experimental and numerical studies followed by a comparative study of the results of these. The experimental and numerical results made it possible to validate the strategies or design techniques thereof. By comparing the thermal and hygrothermal parameters of the control and bioclimatic buildings, we noted an improvement in the thermal and hygrothermal environment from 6°C to 7.5°C and 10% to 14% relative humidity within a bioclimatic building. compared to that of a model building offering interesting perspectives for the eco-design of habitats.

The work which is the subject of this study is entitled «perception of mothers on the circumcision of their children in the Ngezi district». To achieve this objective, we used the ethnographic method, supported by the interview guide. The results obtained show that: - The mothers interviewed consider circumcision mainly as an act of purification, often recommended by institutions religious such as the Church; - The main reasons given by participants for circumcising their children include preventing urinary infections and reducing the risk of sexually transmitted diseases; - In today’s society, circumcision is seen as a social requirement, contributing to well-being and the integration of the child into their social environment; - The decision to circumcise their children is mainly based on aesthetic and hygiene considerations. Indeed underlines that they prefer to circumcise their children so that their penis takes a «good shape»; - The study revealed a diversity of concerns among respondents regarding the potential risks for their uncircumcised children. Some respondents believe that the absence of circumcision could increase the risk of infection of the foreskin and still others think that there is a risk of developing phimosis. This is why it is very important to do circumcision in a boy child. To prevent certain risks.

This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of street children regarding the consumption of toxic substances in the city of Bunia. The research employed an ethnographic approach and was supported by semi-structured interviews and focus groups. It involved a sample of 42 children. Data analysis was performed using content analysis techniques and thematic framework development. The study revealed that street children mentioned various types of toxic substances they use, including paste, alcohol, gasoline, cannabis, Valium (diazepam), and cigarettes. They also cited different reasons for their substance use, such as forgetting past events and avoiding thoughts of their parents. Additionally, the children identified several risks associated with substance use, including lung disease, liver disease, heart disease, and death. Therefore, it is crucial to consider implementing strict measures to prohibit substance use among these children, as it poses significant health risks.

The emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced either by reducing the rate at which they are emitted into the atmosphere or by increasing the rate at which gases are removed from the atmosphere through carbon sinks. In this context, the evaluation of biomass and carbon sequestration potential by the Mambala forest massif to the east of Kikwit was studied. The general objective is to estimate the contribution level of the forest massif to the regulation of the climate system through a diagnosis of the quantities of sequestered carbon. The floristic inventory was carried out on an area of ​​1 ha delimited in the Mambala forest, made up of 5 strips of 100 m x 20 m within which, the dbh ≥10cm of the trees were measured. The non-destructive method was employed and allometric equations developed by authors were used for this purpose. 439 trees with a diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 10 cm were inventoried, identified into 56 species, divided into 28 families, the most represented of which is that of Fabaceae. The carbon contained in the biomass is 616.93t/ha. The quantity of sequestered carbon and the carbon equivalent obtained were respectively 317.05 and 984.58t/ha; the basal area was 52.07m2/ha. Based on these results, we can affirm that this ecosystem is a real natural carbon sink which must be well managed, because it can contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gases if it is well managed.