The purpose of this study was to determine the hypoglycaemic effects in leaf and bark of Sclerocarya birrea, used in traditional medicine for diabetes. In addition, two extracts were prepared from this plant: hydromethanolic and hydro-acetonic. The experiments were carried out on normoglycemic and diabetic guinea pigs by injection of a single dose of glucose (4 g/kg of body weight). Phytochemical screening are carried out according to standard analytical methods. Polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids were the main phytochemical constituents of the extracts. The results showed that the oral administration of the different extracts of Sclerocarya birrea at doses of 500, 700 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight led to a significant reduction in blood sugar (p < 0.05), similarly to antidiabetic action of glibenclamide (10 mg/kg of body weight). Whatever the organ and the extraction solvent, the doses of 500 and 700 mg/kg of body weight induced dose-dependent hypoglycemia, just like glibenclamide, the glycemia of normoglycemic and hyperglycemic guinea pigs. These results show that the metabolites revealed in the extracts could be responsible for its hypoglycemic effects in glucose metabolism. Thus, supported by a complete chemical study with a view to isolating the active substances responsible for the antidiabetic effect in perspective, is possible to formulate from this plant a phytomedicine with potential for diabetes which make possible their uses by populations for treatment of diabetes.

Wild neglected fruits as are known for their beneficial effects on health and the fight against malnutrition. This is the case in Senegal of the fruits of Saba senegalensis wich are consumed more and more in the form of nectar whose nutritional and organoleptic qualities must be preserved. The objective set by this work is to optimize the pasteurization of the nectar in order to preserve its whole quality.The minimum pasteurizing value (VP) is determined and then different pasteurization scales to obtain this VP are tested. The vitamin C of the obtained nectars is monitored for 60 days at 4; 20; 30 and 37 ° C. A 50-minute VP gives microbiological stability for two months at 4 ° C and retains the nutritional qualities of the nectar. Thus, the optimal 73 ° C / 16 min scale is used for this fruit nectar because it preserves 63.38% of the vitamin C. The use of the Ball, Arrhenius and Eyring models during the tests makes it possible to predict adequately the losses of vitamin C. The 73 ° C / 16min scale better retains the nutritional and organoleptic qualities of the nectar of Saba senegalensis.

Breastfeeding is essential in infant’s growth and development. Thus, several thousand children suffer from insufficient breastfeeding. Dealing with that, Tigernut (cyperus esculentus L.) is used by rural populations for his Lactogenic properties. This study aims to bring out the potential of nut on mammary gland development and milk production in wistar mice by the histological approach. Mice are divided into four groups; groups 1 and 2 represent respectively the negative control group (rabbit food and water) and the positive control (rabbit food and medicine standard), groups 3 and 4 are tests groups and are fed by tigernut. The histological sections of the different groups were observed using an photonic microscope OPTIKA 4083 B3. A significant development of the mammary glands is noted in the mice of lots 3 and 4, an expansion of the alveoli, and glandular ducts was observed, the connective tissue is invaded by many dense fat cells, the muscle bundles are denser and held the milk ducts are filled with dense granules of protein aceous nature. In group1 rare fat cells are identified and muscle bundles distended. The mammary glandular units present an empty light, a thick and hypertrophied epithelium with tall (non-active) cylindrical cells. The milk ducts are dilated and empty. Lot 4 (positive control) has clusters of granulations of protein nature, the fat cells are very dense comparable to those of batch 4 and 3. This results confirms that tigernut has lactogenic properties.

Cette revue bibliographique rassemble les informations publiées sur le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) et ses différentes parties. Les résultats recensés dans la littérature ont fini de montrer toute la variabilité morphologique et phénologique du baobab. La production fruitière est attribuée à des caractères génétiques, des phénomènes physiologiques et des conditions pédoclimatiques. Les graines de baobab sont très riches en protéines, en lipides et en glucides. L’huile des graines de baobab prisée par les industries pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques pour ses propriétés nourrissantes, émollientes, adoucissantes et antalgiques sur la peau.

Cette revue bibliographique rassemble les informations publiées sur le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) et ses différentes parties. Les résultats recensés dans la littérature ont fini de montrer toute la variabilité morphologique et phénologique du baobab. La production fruitière est attribuée à des caractères génétiques, des phénomènes physiologiques et des conditions pédoclimatiques. Les graines de baobab sont très riches en protéines, en lipides et en glucides. L’huile des graines de baobab extraite le plus souvent, de manière artisanale, par pression ou par solvant est actuellement très prisée par les industries pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques. En effet, la composition de sa fraction saponifiable et insaponifiable ainsi que ses propriétés physico-chimiques permet de ressortir toute la qualité de cette huile. Par ailleurs, les propriétés des méthyl esters de l’huile sont très similaires de celles du colza. Ainsi, l’huile est reconnue pour ces propriétés nourrissantes, émollientes et adoucissantes sur la peau. Elle est utilisée dans le traitement des blessures, des douleurs, des affections dermiques, des cheveux, des ongles, de l’acné, de l’eczéma et du psoriasis.