The artemisin based-therapeutic combinations (ATC) are an approach developed to solve the malaria parasite chemo-resistance problem in endemic area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors associated to the weak proportion of children under the age of 5 years treated with the ATC against malaria. The data collected on a sampling of 9177 treated children in 13 health centers in Gbado-Lite city in 2014 have been analyzed with the help of Epi-info software package (version 3.5.4). The number of children treated with the ATC is weak (58.9%) in spite of the availability in ATC (87.7%). The socio-demographic factors and the life styles of the ATC prescribers are not associated to the weak proportion of the children treated with ATC (p>0.5). Nevertheless, a strong non-significant association is observed with alcohol consumption by the prescribers of ATC (p>0.72). A weak non-significant association is noted in male (p=0.52) and with the seniority of the prescribers (p=0.71). The factors like age, marital status, monthly income, study level, lodging and consumption of tobacco are not associated with the weak proportion of children treated with ATC. The influence of the number of staffs working in the health centers on the proportion of children treated with ATC is variable according to the considered structures of health. It is therefore desirable to develop advantage of the strategies for a rational prescription in order to guarantee a better malaria treatment in children at Gbado-Lite city.

The price of the crude is continuing to scaling down, but one wonders what would be the consequence of that crude price drop off on the bitumen produced at the refineries. Madagascar would have a solution to use either the Bemolanga tar sands naturally (as it is) or to use extracted bitumen to replace the imported bitumen for tarring its roads. In fact, Madagascar is importing bitumen since 1960 and needsmuch foreign currency to pay out the bitumen product bills; nevertheless it has the possibility to use these petroleum materials to tar its roads. Using only imported bitumen for tarring roads would certainly not well develop the road construction in Madagascar. On 1962 (when Madagascar became independent country)the streets of Bemolanga village and all the streets in Morafenobe, the main town situated in Western part of Madagascar, located at 30 km away from Bemolanga deposit were tarred with Bemolanga bituminous tar sands by the “Societé des Pétroles de Madagascar). The tar sands were dropped into a metal barrel and then, heated up with wood fire while mixing from time to time to produce viscous liquid, which is poured on the top of the prepared road and compacted manually afterwards. These tarred streets lasted more than twenty years life, thus, on 1980, almost of the tarred streets stay unbroken. In many countries who own tar sands, bituminous shale, natural bitumen and heavy oil, such materials were used in road construction to tar their roads since longtime ago. Thus our study consists in evaluating the possibility to use the Bemolanga tar sands to tar the maximum length of roads in Madagascar. The conclusion of the study is that it is technically possible to tar Madagascar roads with the Bemolanga tar sands. The decision to go further to the project would just be political decision.

Madagascar has not come up to petroleum discovery till now, nevertheless many petroleum companies have acquired licenses for petroleum exploration in the western sedimentary basin of Madagascar, since the new promotional petroleum exploration undertaken on 1980. The existence of the two non conventional fossil deposits discovered since longtime ago have boosted the invertors to come to Madagascar to try to find out the geological model of the eventual petroleum discovery within the huge sedimentary basin of different ages. The two deposits which are The Bemolanga tar sands deposit and the Tsimiroro heavy oil deposit were located in the Morondava sedimentary basin, in the central part of the western sedimentary basin of Madagascar. The two deposits stand besides and are about only 60 km away from each other. To support the petroleum exploration works, it was worth to know the physico-chemical and the geochemical characteristics of the oils and the minerals containing the oils. Thus the main focus of this paper is to develop the analysis for the characterization of oils and minerals which we have been undertaken since thirty years ago. The result of the analysis have stated the Permo-Triassic age of the Bemolanga and Tsimiroro deposits. To complete the useful data for the exploration issue, geochemical and chemical analysis were undertaken to evaluate the Source rock evaluation and the behavior of the Bemolanga and Tsimiroro oils. The results of the study showed that: The Bemolanga bitumen and Tsimiroro oils have high basic compounds content; not any kind of clays which may inhibit the oil recovery process was found; vapor injection process and combustion process would fit to recover these oils.