Despite the efforts of theorists to define one’s human capital, this concept remains ambivalent. The development of human capital is at the heart of the economic and social development of any developed or developing nation. The key to the success of developed economies is to develop their population first, in that case, investing in people and then moving on to material investment. This development scheme should be promoted and applied by countries aspiring to their development in general. To contribute to human development, it is crucial to identify the concept of human capital and dissociate it from all other concepts related to material, while emphasizing the fact that this capital belongs to the person who holds it through its categorisation. This paper provides a brief review of the concept of human capital from its formulation by its founder Theodore Schultz (1961), to its development by various theorists, namely Gary Becker(1964), Marshall (1894), Spence (1973), Chamak and Fromage (2006), Lepak and Snell (1999), Galunic and Anderson (2000), Hitt (2001)…While seeking the common trait between theorists in that field. It focuses then on two variables considered relevant to human capital development, namely Education and Training. Moreover, through this paper, we proceed to set the concept of human capital in the Management Sciences as well as in some research streams and theories concerned by this concept, namely, neoclassical theory, endogenous growth theory, capabilities theory, complex labour theory and efficiency wage theory. It is also important to underline the continuity and relevance of this concept in an era where globalisation is an absolute reality, through studies and research carried out by international organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development “OECD.”.

Successful teaching of earth sciences, in particular the theory of plate tectonics, requires, among other things, a pedagogical change, which is the factor that almost all teachers do not yet take into account. These sciences are unfortunately presented by our teachers in a way that leaves them in the eyes of our students as a series of discoveries that is made in a random and simple way and away from any problem that gives birth to them.

In an international globalized and digitalized context, regions are called upon to stand out by resorting to communication and promotion tools, and in a larger scale to territorial marketing tools. Therefore, any debate on territories-applied marketing is virtually habitual among politicians and economic and territorial developers. Morocco has gone through an important phase in the process of territorialisation through the establishment of genuine economic regions equipped with authority and decision-making autonomy. In this framework, the adoption of territorial marketing has become a must to accompany Morocco’s strategy of regionalization Indeed The territorial brand is a growing phenomenon that offers the possibility to each territory to show its presence, its attributes, but also to extend our awareness, attractiveness and differentiate themselves from competitors. Since nowadays the territories of promoting excellence areas, think in solutions to differentiate and build an attractive image. Our research on the brand of cities up immediately in this perspective. This paper aims to show how city branding, may be a relevant carrier to seat the attractiveness and excellence of territories in general and those of the city of « Casablanca » in particular. The present work is structured around the following points. The first will be devoted to the theoretical and conceptual foundations of territorial marketing. The second point will highlight the link between the attractiveness of territories and urban marketing. In the third and final point, we will present the Casablanca branding strategy « WeCasablanca ».

The anaerobic digestion of the fatty effluents is a biological process, which allows the energy production in the form of biogas. The present study is based on comparing the methanogenic capacity of different inoculum on greasy effluents that result from a restaurant located in Fez city in Morocco. The results showed that the best production of biogas with the inoculum is involved by the one composed of poultry manure and bacterial consortia compared to the other inoculum, during 15 days, the anaerobic digestion of the grease effluent produces 252 cm3 of biogas per gram of grease and achieve an abatement of 92 % as regards the Chemical demand of oxygen (COD) and an elimination of 98 % concerning greases content in the medium. Therefore, the use of anaerobic digester process of grease effluent is shown to be effective and highly gainful for the production of biogas and at the same time decreasing their harmful impact on the environment, therefore the possibility to adopt this process in industrial scale.

The Mbuji-Mayi super group, a large basin with a synclinal structure, extends around the Mbuji-Mayi and LUILU rivers in the center of the Democratic Republic of Congo with a more extensive extension to West Kasai Occidental and Eastern Katanga regions. It is about a mainly sedimentary unit divided into three groups (series) with knowing: the group BI, BII and the group of basalts. The group BI is composed of the sedimentary rocks constituted of sandstone, of limestones, of cherts or silexites and of intraformationnel conglomerate. In the lower part of this group are clastic rocks. Group BII, characterized on all its thickness by stromatolithic bases, comprises in the BIIc formation of associations of micro-organisms. And at the top of this group are capped volcanic demonstrations precede great casting dolerites rich in pyroxene, olivine and opaque minerals (goethite, chalcopyrite) and of amygdaloid and chloritized basalts with subophitic structure with microlitic porphyritic. The presence of lithographic limestone and the conglomerate intraformationnel testifies at the same time to the existence of the deposits of platform and instability of this basin where gravitating flows (slumping type and currents of turbidity) would have remobilized sediments siliceous old, hardened they redeposit the fragments in the same natural sediment gorged with water and soft. Geochemical and petrological studies are recommended according level of alteration of samples of dolerites and basalts. They have identified the origin of these volcanic sites.

This article aims to present an overview of the question on cooperative research between teachers by browsing the scientific literature (books, articles, websites, ...) relating to previous studies. This literature review has allowed us to collect important information on this subject by assigning us 7 objectives. The first objective focused on the conceptual clarification used to describe cooperation between teachers. The second objective concerns the nature of the cooperation. This precision is important because it unseals the complexity of cooperation and its different types in school environments. The third displays the list of cooperation indicators. As built, cooperation can only be apprehended and evaluated through its characteristic features. The fourth lists the conditions for carrying out the cooperation. There are prerequisites without which cooperation can neither start nor be established in a school structure. The fifth concerns the impact of cooperation. This has a natural impact, negative or positive, on schools, teachers and students. The sixth identifies the factors that determine the effectiveness of cooperation. Their use can be used for the effective implementation of a professional community in a school. Finally, the seventh evaluates the effectiveness of teacher cooperation on student performance. This presentation makes it possible to understand the relevance of its use as an indicator of the school effect or the teaching effect on academic performance.

The present study conducted during the period from March 18 to May 15, 2019, concerns the diagnostic analysis of vegetable farms in the lower Bagga Valley, located between the rural communes of Bambeye and Kalfou, in the department of Tahoua, in northwestern Niger. The aim was to make a socio-economic and technical diagnosis of vegetable farms, in order to classify them into homogeneous groups. To do this, the study was carried out in three villages of Bambeye commune (Bagga, Bagga Malamawa, Rididi) and three villages of Kalfou commune (Bagga Tabla, Chacott, Lilango), all of them bordering the Bagga Valley. Thus, a sample of two hundred and twenty-seven (227) market gardeners chosen in a reasoned manner was investigated. The typology of the farms is carried out on the basis of the classification in dynamic clouds. Thus, this study highlights three types of market gardeners that are distinguished by a number of variables, including structure, operation and performance. The different groups are type I, which are large, professional market gardeners with a great productive potential; type II, characterized by small traditional market gardening with limited productive potential and type III, which are medium-sized market gardeners, professionals with a high productive potential, who seek to maximize profit. The analysis of the different farms shows that farmers are of all ages, they have insufficient equipment, relatively low operating means and limited access to credit.

Increased production is one of the essential elements in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. In DR Congo, rice is both a food and an economic issue. To keep nourishing an increasing population, the increase of rice yield through the development of improved varieties and cultivation techniques would enable this population to have enough food. With this in mind, a study was undertaken at INERA YANGAMBI to compare the yield of rice varieties sown traditionally by farmers in Yangambi by at the onset and at the end of the A season in order to minimize losses due to birds. Yield components (panicle length, number of panicles per m², number of grains per panicle and weight of thousand grains) and yield were evaluated. Results revealed that the performance components taken together influenced performance. The optimum yield of short and medium cycle varieties was obtained on June 15th and 29th. Short cycle varieties can be sown from June 15th and medium cycle varieties at the end of June. From this study it can be remembered that the farmer practice of sowing rice in June is to be encouraged.

The originality of Wittgenstein's philosophy is decisive in his philosophical investigations. From a reinforced criticism of the Russell’s project and his own Tractatus, he redirects the questioning on ordinary language by abandoning the problems related to the foundation of scientific activity. The ambition to base mathematics on logic implies in turn to base logic. However, such transcendental knowledge cannot exist according to Wittgenstein, who maintains that there is no point of view outside language (metalanguage). Wittgenstein lost interest in language as a means of accessing the truth and began to study it in its current uses. That is why we are talking about the philosophy of ordinary language.

This study aimed to identify and study the different and varied consumer’s behavior models well in order to provide a proposed model of consumer behavior for the Muslim within the existing models which are used by marketers for the sake of studying and analyzing the factors affecting consumer behavior and as a result affect his decision to purchase. In order to conduct this study, the inductive, deductive and the descriptive approach were used to devise a model of Muslim consumer behavior within the existing models in this field. This study has come up with several results, the most important of which are: 1- All models developed to explain the behavior of the consumer partially fit in the interpretation of the behavior of Muslim consumer because it ignored the role of faith comes first in influencing the behavior of the Muslim consumer. 2- The behavior of the Muslim consumer in the first place is influenced by religious values and moral standards. 3- Marketers should focus on the necessary and semi-essential products, then the luxury ones because the Muslim consumer is controlled by his faith in this area which urges him to mediate and not wasteful. 4- We, as Muslim, urgently need to frame all our marketing activities, especially the promotion, to be in full compliance of what is stated in our Islamic belief in many Quran and Hadith texts. 5- The Muslim consumer is in dire need of products that correspond to his actual needs, and advertisement commensurate with his doctrine and they should also designed to include messages that do not carry what contradicts with religion and morality.