This study provides an illuminating insight into the complex dynamics between afforestation, food security and land tenure patterns in South Kivu. Comprehensive data was collected from households in 8 of the 15 administrative groupings in Kaziba. There has been a significant expansion of afforestation on agricultural land, fuelled by factors such as the creation of income from trees (37.5%), soil degradation and low field productivity (34.6%), the generation of tree-related employment (22.7%), and even rural exodus (5.2%). These changes are closely linked to key variables such as the age of the heads of household, their modes of access to land, and the year in which agricultural land was converted to afforestation (P-Value ≤ 5). Plantations generate higher incomes, which households use astutely to send their children to school, support commercial activities, repay previous debts, invest, purchase productive assets and, of course, buy food. Agricultural food production is relatively low, with 75% of households relying on local markets for their food supplies. This exposes them to high prices and cash shortages, due to the long planting cycle. The study highlights that 81.7% of households in Kaziba currently face food poverty, reflected by a food consumption score of between 0 and 21 points. Their average dietary diversity is based on three food categories: white roots and tubers, vegetables, and oils and fats.

Born in the first half of the 18th century, Damagaram was an appendage of Borno until the accession of Tanimoune Dari to power in 1851. This energetic, daring sovereign and fine diplomat took decisions which allowed him to create the Independent state of Damagaram, starting with the capital, Zinder. To write this article we first read the scientific writings on this kingdom. Then, we used documents from colonial archives and information collected following our field survey. This article shows that the sovereign Tanimoune was an exemplary, courageous and daring statesman who knew how to build a city which acquired great fame. This city emerged thanks to the different districts that this sovereign created. These are the Birni, Zongo and Grain Malam districts. The Birni district symbolizes the independence of Damagaram. The Zongo district symbolizes commerce and the Garin Malam district refers to the «modernization of Islam which has become the state religion.

The survey, achieved in the west of Burkina in laboratory conditions (average temperature of 28,21°C and average relative humidity of 73%), aimed to value some biologic parameters of Antigastra catalaunalis. Thus, twenty couples of the pyrale have been followed for the survey of the punter and sixty larvas for the survey of the features and the lengths of the different larval stages. Besides, the bursting rate of the eggs, mortality rate of the larvas, chrysalisation rate of the larvas and emergence rate of the adults have been valued. The results reveals that the females of A. catalaunalis lay 299 eggs on average during 5,5 days with a rate of bursting of 67,06%. Besides, the pyrale passes by five larval stages and has an average development cycle of 21,95 days for the males and 24,45 days for the females. It is necessary to note that the sex-ratio is 1: 1,58. the L1 larvas presented the strongest mortality (23,33%). otherwise, the chrysalisation rate of the larvas was 90,37% and the emergence rate of the adults was 81,57%. At last, it would be interesting to quantify the impact of A. catalaunalis on the different varieties of sesame popularized in Burkina.

This paper deals with the influence of parameters of an asynchronous motor on its starting phase. Five electrical parameters of the asynchronous motor are concerned by the present study. These are the stator resistance (Rs), the rotor resistance (Rr), the stator inductance (Ls), the rotor inductance (Lr) and the mutual inductance (M). Two mechanical parameters are also studied. These are the moment of inertia (J) and the number of pole pairs (P). The simulation results show that the starting current decreases with increasing values ​​of each of the parameters such as stator resistance, rotor resistance, stator inductance, rotor inductance and the number of pole pairs. On the other hand, the starting current increases with the increase in the mutual inductance and the moment of inertia. The torque decreases with increasing parameters such as stator resistance, stator inductance, rotor inductance and mutual inductance. On the other hand, the torque increases with the increase in rotor resistance, number of pole pairs and moment of inertia. The variation in the values ​​of the different parameters influences the behavior of the rotor speed differently. Increasing the values ​​of parameters such as stator resistance, stator inductance, rotor inductance and moment of inertia influence the rotational speed of the rotor such that the motor takes more time to reach steady state. Increasing the values ​​of rotor resistance, mutual inductance influences the rotor speed such that not only does the motor take longer to reach steady state, but the speed drops in steady state when the motor is loaded. Increasing the values ​​of the number of pole pairs lowers the rotor speed and the motor takes less time to reach steady state. On the basis of the various results obtained from the simulations, we proceeded to optimize the parameters studied in order to reduce the current and obtain a smooth start but with a minimized start-up time. For this purpose the values ​​obtained are as follows: Rr=5.85Ω; Rs=13.805 Ω; Ls=0.300 H; Lr=0.299 H; J=0.031 Kg.m2; f=0.001136 N.m/rad/s; P=2; M=0.255 H.

This research aimed to determine the rate of teachers formulating evaluation questions congruent with the psychomotor objectives in life sciences from the seventh basic education to the second year of humanities in Bukavu - RD Congo. It also aimed to identify the reasons for inability to formulate said questions and the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the teacher likely to influence this formulation. The methodological approach adopted consisted of the analysis of the educational objectives, the evaluation questions and the questionnaire survey. Six intrinsic antecedent characteristics (sex, level of studies, field of training, seniority, professional training, multiple functions) and five antecedent characteristics extrinsic to the teacher likely to influence this congruence were taken into account (management regime, teacher’s guide, student manual, teaching materials, number of students in the class). The results showed that only 25.5% of teachers formulated questions congruent with the psychomotor objectives. The results of the Chi-square test and those of the univariate logistic regression model revealed that, apart from the characteristic «Management regime» which significantly influenced congruence (p=0.0270), the other antecedent characteristics did not did not have a significant link with said congruence (p>0.05).

The study we undertook is part of an evaluative research aimed at improving the quality of health sciences teaching at I. S.T.M.-Gemena in the South Ubangi Province in the South Ubangi Republic in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Indeed, for several years of existence of the I.S.T.M.- Gemena, teaching has been done according to the objective approach which is based more on the behaviors to be adopted by the learners but practical skills have always been the business of the areas of professional life (hospitals, health centers) through advanced training courses, contrary to the expectations of the population at the end of higher education. This situation has never been the subject of any study and we believe that the non-integration of the Competency-based Approach in the teaching of health sciences at the higher level can be classified among the causes of the drop in performance. academic that the community deplores today in this school of higher education.

The oligoclonal profile of immunoglobulins is reflected by the presence of more than two narrow monoclonal peaks on serum protein electrophoresis, corresponding to the synthesis of several Immunoglobulin (Ig) idiotypes and isotypes by selection of a small number of plasma cells. The aim of this study is to elucidate the etiologies of the oligoclonal profile detected in the gamma globulin zone during the electrophoretic analysis of serum proteins of patients hospitalized and consulting at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. This is a retrospective study spread over 8 months from January 1 to September 1, 2020, focused on the analysis of electrophoretic profiles of sera collected from hospitalized and consulting patients at CHU Ibn Rochd. The PES was carried out using the capillary electrophoretic technique on a capillarys automated system, and total protein determination by Biuret colorimetric method on an Architect automated system. Immunofixation was performed on agarose gel using the Hydrasys Sebia automated system, and immunofixation on capillarys 2 Flex piercing. Our study revealed 2 oligoclonal profiles: The first from a patient hospitalized in the nephrology department for nephrotic syndrome and renal failure, the results of his work-ups were as follows: serum protein immunosubtraction showed the presence of an IgG kappa immunoglobulin and an IgM lambda, and histopathological examination of the kidney showed glomerulonephritis. IgM lambda, and histopathological examination of the kidney showed glomerulonephritis stage 1. The second patient was admitted to the hematology clinic for anaemia and bone pain, His work-up was as follows: serum protein immunofixation showed IgA kappa immunoglobulin, and urine protein immunofixation showed free kappa/kappa light chain. Myelogram revealed multiple myeloma. The oligoclonal profile must be interpreted on a case-by-case basis according to the context of each patient, to reveal damage to the immune system and ensure immune system and ensure therapeutic follow-up.

Most of the Congolese population of working age is not employed in the formal sector. These people are either unemployed or underemployed in rural areas or in the informal sector. And yet, we are witnessing an increasingly remarkable presence of placement agencies for job seekers to which they can refer in the city of Kinshasa. Despite all this, job seekers obtain work at the cost of a thousand and one penalties and are confronted with multiple realities, injustices, tribalism, discrimination and criteria that disadvantage them. This situation discourages and arouses mistrust among job seekers. It is within this framework that our research falls, which focused on 40 finalist students from the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Kinshasa in order to know their perceptions vis-à-vis the placement and check whether these agencies are playing their roles effectively. The results revealed that our respondents have a positive view of the activities of these placement offices and are ready to go there to facilitate their recruitment; but believe that these agencies are not playing their roles effectively. In view of these results, our first hypothesis is confirmed and the second is partially invalidated.

The former city of Tshela is one of these towns in the DRC. who have a major problem with quality or reliable statistical data from the registration of newborns at the Civil Registry. To this day, there are still parents who do not register their children with the Civil Registry at birth and many questions remain unanswered. According to law n°9/001 of January 10, 2009 on child protection, article 14 states: «every child has the right to an identity from birth». Without prejudice to the provision of articles 56 to 70 of the family code, identity consists of name, location, date of birth, sex, parents’ names and nationality. Article 7 of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child specifies that all children have the right to registration from birth, without discrimination. The Congolese State allows parents to register their children free of charge with the Civil Registry within three months following birth. This research aims to popularize this law so that every parent knows that it is an obligation and a duty to register the birth of their child as soon as born. Thus the child will have: to know his parents and to have the privilege of being raised by them, a name and a nationality, to have the right to inheritance and the possibility of identifying the place of his birth. This registration allows the Civil Registry to have reliable statistical data on the birth rate. He will have the possibility of obtaining a passport or a driving license, see the voter card. Considering the advantages of this simple beneficial gesture for the child, every parent should subscribe to it or get involved in it. On the other hand, the observation is very regrettable, because many parents are still unaware of this act, and these children’s rights are encroached upon and sacrificed. After the deadline set by law, a supplementary judgment on the birth certificate is necessary, payment of legal costs to the children’s court and a fine for late declaration so that the child can be rehabilitated in his rights. Taking this analysis into account, we can say that the registration of newborns in the Civil Status is a right for the child and a duty or obligation for the parents because this gesture is of capital importance for a country or nation.

The excessive use of chemical pesticides causes collateral damage to the environment with unimaginable consequences. In search of an alternative solution based on a biopesticide of plant origin (Azadirachta indica A Juss) and its insecticidal action, a trial was conducted against Sitophilus zeamais Motsch at the Laboratory of Food Chemistry at the National Pedagogical University. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of the natural bio-insecticidal effect of A. indica. By comparing the bio-insecticidal activities at various levels of powder formulation: 15, 25, 35 g in the protection of shelled maize. And the completely randomised setup was used in maize (Zea mays L.) storage. The bio-insecticidal activity was efficient with 15, 25 and 35 g of neem powder formulation proved to be more insecticidal with 13 and 14 dead insects against 0 dead insects for the control after 42 days of storage. It was observed that time, temperature and humidity play an important role in post-harvest storage.