The increase in migration into urban cities in Nigeria has posed a challenge to the Nigerian government. This study access the causes of rural-urban migration in major cities in Nigeria of which Enugu Urban is a case study. There are several factor responsible for rural-urban migration which influence the migrant's migration status. The study attempts to find answers to research questions by using survey design and sampling techniques to collect data from 210 (153) respondents with the aid of a 10-item structured questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents comprise of heads of household of migrants' (remove this) in the study area. Data for this study were edited, coded and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that majority of the migrants migrated to continue their education rather than in search of employment as concluded by a lot of past studies. It also revealed that the impact of out-migration in the area includes: absence of youths to assist parents in their profession, lack of work force to work on farms, and desertion of the area by the youths as it affects the aged and children. The study recommends measures to limit rapid increase in urbanization, as well as strategies to reduce rural-urban migration and also profound ways of making the rural areas (include) comfortable for rural dwellers. Through government's support in the development and funding of small and medium scale rural enterprises, government should promulgate policies that will provide basic amenities in rural areas and finally higher school (tertiary institutions) such as polytechnics (include this) and universities should be sited in rural areas.

The survey is aimed at evaluating the geological parameters and establishing the surface and downward trends of a suspected quarry rock material, through resistivity variation characteristics, prior to the location of a rock quarry as well as estimating the overburden thickness. Geological study revealed that the dolerite has density of 1,200kgm3. A total of six (6) vertical electrical soundings (VES) and four (4) horizontal resistivity profiling (HRP) were carried out using Abem Terrameter SAS 1000 with Schlumberger array of electrode spacing of 200m and Wenner electrode array configuration were carried out with 10m respectively, field data were processed using different forward and inverse modeling computer Res2Div software. The VES results revealed that dolerite occurred at VES 5, VES 8 and VES 9 positions with thickness ranging from 12meters to 25meters but dolerite did not appear at; VES 2, VES 3 and VES 7. The results of the horizontal resistivity profiling HRP line trending north-east and south-west reveals that the intrusive rock occurs in boulders form scatter beneath the overburden in a very limited quantity while north-east direction indicates abortive. Results of the analysis show that the overburden thickness is not uniformly distributed, it decreases toward the natural hills (places of appreciable elevation and decreases as one approaches the low land areas (valley). The estimated volume of dolerite is 34, 92000.00 million tons.

This research gives detailed knowledge on the lithic- geology and brief knowledge on trace fossil analysis of the study area. These lithofacies have been organized into six main lithostratigraphic units namely: Unit A, Unit B, Unit C, Unit D, Unit E and Unit F. The lithic fills of the area show an undulating topography with thickness increasing towards the eastern, south eastern and north eastern parts. Six uneastablished lithofacies(Unit) were encountered which includes fine grained friable Sandstone, dark grey Shale, White to pink clay, fine to coarse grained Sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone and heterolithic Sandstone and clay facies coined out from the establish Ajali and Nsukka Formation that underline the area. This formation was dated upper Maastrichtian with the Ajali Sandstone underlying the Nsukka Formation. Sandstone sedimentological analyses b (sieve, grain size analysis) and record of Scoyena and Skoliths ichnofossils indicates a parallic environment (Delta platform and Delta slope realm).

Oji River and its environs is located few kilometres from Enugu, the capital city of Enugu state. Geographically, the study area is bounded by latitudes 6o14' N-6o17'N and longitudes 7o17'E-7o19 IE. The study area is underlain by the Ajali Sandstone and Nsukka Formation. The area has abundant water resources. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected at various locations for hydrochemical analysis. The result shows that the water resources for (WS 2, 4-10) are safe for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses as the chemical constituents are below (WHO,2011) permissible limit. Except for WS 1-Oji wonderful river where nitrite (NO2+) and Fluoride (F) value were observed to be higher than (WHO, 2011) permissible limit (8.2 and 2.5mg/l) respectively. This indicate that nitrite and fluoride treatment is required for WS 1-Oji wonderful river while for WS3-Ogba spring were copper value (11.0mg/l) were observed to also be higher than (WHO, 2011) permissible and as such requires copper treatment.