The study examined factors contributing to perseverance of poor solid waste management system in urban areas. specifically the study identified ways and tools used for proper solid waste management system, examined community awareness and attitude towards solid wastes management system and find out the existence of institutional and legal framework and how community comply with the existing laws/bylaws, rules and regulations towards solid waste management system. Both primary and secondary data were collected from a total of 108 respondents by using questionnaires and interview to obtain opinions and reactions persistence of poor solid waste management in urban areas of Tanzania. Findings revealed that negatively stance and perception of people concerning sanitation issues contributes to poor solid waste management in Tanzania. Preponderance of people has little idea on sanitation and most of households did not have rubbish bins. It is recommended that in absence of environmental education sold waste management will continue to be a problem.

This paper is based on the study conducted in Dodoma Municipality at Madukani Ward to assess the contribution of petty trade to household income poverty reduction. Specifically, the study examined the nature of business done by petty traders, income and expenditure level of individuals from petty trading and assessed other income generating activities among petty traders. Data for this study were collected using interviews as the method of data collection whereby questionnaires were administered to 110 petty traders who were selected by using both random and purposive sampling techniques. The study involved collection of quantitative and qualitative data which was analyzed through SPSS to obtain frequencies in tables and figures. Qualitative data collected through interview and observation was analyzed by using content analysis. This was to give summary of each topic discussed and identify the content of discussion. The results from the study revealed that petty trade is the backbone of most of the traders as it has shown many changes in the lives of the respondents as they were more able to tackle most of the instances that they could not when they were not engaged in petty trading. The study provides the effective measures to be done in order to improve the status of petty trade.

The study examined the effects of financial liberalization in Singida region. Data collected through questionnaire while survey and focus group discussion techniques applied. Data were analysed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 11.5. Results indicated that four types of loans offered by financial institutions includes; personal loans offered to employees of different organizations; Mortgage loans given to business persons with existing business; Corporate loans targeted agricultural groups; and loans is offered to SACCOs from banks. However no loans found favored directly youth as first target as a result Persistence of Youth unemployed is increasingly in Singida region. It is concluded that contribution of financial liberalization to youth employment in Singida municipality is only 22.5%. The researchers recommended that government should supported financial sectors to play a significant role in economy by establishment of appropriate policies which consolidate the gains of first generation reforms.

This study aimed at examining root causes leading to persistence of land conflicts between Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) and Maasai community in Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Specifically, the study examine causes for land conflicts between Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority and Maasai community and examines efforts made by the government and other stakeholders to resolve land conflicts between Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority and Maasai community. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected through interview, questionnaires and observation. Secondary data were collected from various reports. A total of 109 respondents were drawn from Oloirobi and Moklari /Misigyo villages out of 13,940 populations. The findings concluded that Maasai have little awareness on laws/by-laws on environmental conservation that led to the persistence of land conflicts between Maasai community and Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority. Moreover, the study find that, the number of livestock increase yearly compared to the area located for pastoralists to graze their livestock as a result pastoralists graze in areas which is not allowed.