The study investigates the effect of a commonly and widely used herbicide 'IPA Glyphosate' on the histopathology of gastrointestinal tract of exposed post juvenile catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under laboratory condition. Results showed that alterations in GIT were both dose and time dependent and include: hyperplasia of gastric mucosa, necrotic hyperplasia, severe degenerative and necrotic changes in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa. The alterations further buttress the advantage of histopathological markers for detecting rapid response of organisms to toxins in its early stage. This study has shown that the use of glyphosate herbicide can act as a stressor on non-target organisms such as C. gariepinus and with the alterations observed can go a long way to affect the absorption of food in the intestine, hence, the growth of the fish.

In this study I have used a review centric research method for studying the various factors impacting on Social Marketing the Problems and challenges faced by social marketing. Post identifying the factors I have done a case study of major Effecting Customer Satisfaction in today's market world and for the factors impacting the Social marketing developing a conceptual model for the probable impacting factors and then later studying the same for confirming the same factors. In the conceptual model it was identified that Customer Satisfaction Identity is a major factor contributing to build a Customer image. The objective of the review centric research study is to find out the major facts.

For a city to grow and develop in the long term, it cannot disregard its environment. An ad hoc approach to environmental issues is fragmentary, expensive and inefficient. For a city to be effective and efficient it must consciously integrate the environment particularly on the urban fringes into its planning and management mechanisms. This paper describes the impact that land ownership information management systems as applied by the various stakeholders have on the general environmental planning based on a study of informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. First, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to get an insight into the current situation of the informal land development sector in the study area. Structured interviews were used at the settlement level to gain knowledge on the operations of land management and their impacts on environmental planning in the study area. Finally, focus group discussions were conducted with the village elders and headmen at the settlements to gain more insights on land ownership systems. Data for the study was analyzed descriptively using descriptive statistics. From the study, it was established that there is poor security of land information due to lack of back-ups in these settlements and information on land registration, registration of rights and rights holders is in itself insufficient and does not address environmental planning. It was thus recommended that Nairobi's Informal Settlements Coordinating Committee should be remodeled into a more effective and participatory framework with regard to collection and management of land information for environmental planning in informal settlements.

Lending represents one of the core functions of commercial banking system. The essential role of banks in the economy has been to intermediate funds between surplus and deficit economic units. In the process of carrying out this primary task, banks have found themselves performing a number of functions which include: the mobilization of savings, stimulation of investment and economic growth, assistance in resources allocation, boosting of international trade and promotion of the payment system. The few studies which have been conducted on bank lending in Nigeria focused on the pre-consolidation banking era. This study examines the effect of deposit volume on bank lending behaviour in the Nigerian post-consolidation banking period. The population of the study comprises the 22 deposit money banks operating in Nigeria as at December, 2012. Data were obtained from the audited annual reports of the 22 banks for the post-consolidation period of 2006-2012. The analysis was conducted using regression analysis with the aid of SPSS package. The results revealed a positive and significant relationship between deposit volume and loan and advances in the selected banks. The study recommends that future researchers should investigate other factors which may exert some influence on the lending behaviour deposit money banks in Nigeria beside deposit volume. Specifically, factors such as capitalization, interest rates, gross domestic product, and liquidity ratio were mentioned.

The inadequacy of annual budget system has in recent times forced many countries' government into search for a more appropriate framework that supports the reform of policy makers degree of planning, improves inter and intra-sectoral resource allocation by effectively prioritizing all expenditures and dedicating resources only to the most important activities as well as developing accuracy of revenue estimation. Medium term expenditure framework (MTEF) seems to be the framework that best meets these criteria. This research paper investigated the concept of MTEF and its relationship with budget effectiveness in Nigeria public sector. The study adopts a cross sectional survey research design. Six-point rating scaled structured questionnaire starting from highly ineffective to highly effective was used to elicit primary data from 258 selected members of the population which consists of senior staff of accounting, finance and internal audit department of federal Ministry of finance, Fiscal responsibility commission and CBN. The result shows that the MTEF positively and significantly correlates with budget process, sectoral planning, aggregate discipline and revenue estimation in Nigeria public sector. The study concluded that MTEF has influenced budget effectiveness by overcoming the shot sighted planning, irresponsible resource allocation, and has coordinated the linkage between policy, planning and budgeting which led to improved service delivery in Nigeria public sector.

The target of this paper is to review the opportunities of cloud computing and investigate its relationship among different factors that must be taken into consideration throughout the process. The paper design on overall research base to provide experiential aware of analysis the adopting cloud computing for innovation. Cloud Computing is a system of marvelous properties. All these properties should advertise to gain potential in the market of cloud computing technology. The lack of awareness of the uses of new technologies is a big hurdle in the way of progress of upcoming technologies such as cloud computing. By overcoming, these hurdles we can spread this technology widespread. The research as cloud computing technology is a new technology and many users are not familiar with its all positive aspects. There are many points that should be taught to the users and after that they will be able to utilize all of its aspects and after that, this technology will gain potential and will become much popular. To achieve more benefits of cloud computing, the research suggests that enterprises need assume number of steps. It suggests that collaborative innovation is not necessarily an immediate consequence of adopting cloud computing. The theoretical foundation of this paper formed by conducting a comprehensive literature review on opportunities of cloud computing. A new model presented to illustrate the relationship between cloud computing and four specific factors.

We prove in this article using some convex analysis results of A. S. Lewis, the log-concavity of spectral elementary symmetric functions on the space of Hermitian matrices, and the convexity of the set of k-admissible functions on compact Kähler manifolds.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are networks that consist of sensors which are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions. The resources especially energy in WSNs are limited. Data sampled by sensor nodes have redundancy, data aggregation becomes an effective method to reduce amount of data that need to send to base station. Data Aggregation is the process of aggregating the data from distributed sensors to eliminate redundant transmission and provide fused information to the base station. The existing schemes, Attribute aware Data Aggregation (ADA) make the packets with the same attribute convergent for an efficient aggregation. ADA scheme is based on the concept of potential in physics and pheromone in ant colony. The overhead is that different depth values with respect to different sinks need to be maintained by nodes. In this paper to ensure the packets reach the sink at last Dynamic Scheduling (DS) is proposed. Dynamic Scheduling is implemented using the currently available information without the necessity of predicting the future.

Nowadays cloud computing is a very latest concept in IT industry due to its different sources everyone is thinking about it that how useful is cloud computing. Cloud computing is only a system on the internet which can run applications and store them. Enterprise cloud computing is the application in which business and consumer both use the process of cloud computing. Normally to run a business application it would take a lot of money and need to pay for the update of software and servers. Nevertheless, in cloud computing it make simpler the whole process it reduced the system and store all the data on one cloud on the internet and shared the data in data center. Where customers and employees of business can easily use without spending any money. So the advantage of cloud computing is cost less and it maintains and update its software itself. They are more secure and reliable due to the policy of username and password to access the application on the cloud computing. User can use the cloud from anywhere and anytime. I came to know that privacy, infrastructure, and security in cloud computing are the major factors of the entire procedure. Cloud computing can be the essential technology infrastructure that can convert business, education if it is properly and carefully execute.

In this paper, coupled flow and heat transfer by combined convection in a laminar, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid-filled two-dimensional cavity with a thermally isolated body has been analyzed. The developed mathematical model is governed by the conservation of mass, momentum and energy equations and the problem is solved numerically. The effects of two physical parameters namely the Hartmann number Ha and the Reynolds number Re on the flow and heat transfer are discussed and exposed though graphs and tables. The phenomenon inside the cavity for the mentioned parameters is studied through streamline and isotherm patterns. Moreover average Nusselt number which is the representative of heat transfer rate at hot wall is calculated. It is observed that the rate of heat transfer at the bottom heated surface increases with a decrease in Ha, where as it shows reverse effect in case of the Re.