Structural change in developing economies and African countries in particular is inducted by the convergence of agriculture to other sectors. It is generally agreed that African countries have a competitive advantage in agricultural products and processed agricultural goods can be an excellent way to increase the value added of the industrial sector. The objective of this paper is to check to what extent the performance of the agricultural sector promotes the industrial development and the acceleration of the process of structural transformation of African countries. Considering samples as Africa and five regions of Africa (Southern Africa, Central Africa, West Africa, East Africa and North Africa), we found several relevant results. The transformation of the agricultural products can be used to support the development of the industry but some obstacles must be eliminated. It’s necessary to reconcile the economic opening, the improvement of human capital and the orientation of funds in profitable investments. However we noticed that for the regions of Central and Southern Africa, there is a contribution even if it is low of the agricultural sector in the industrial development of these regions. As for West, Eastern and Northern Africa, the results can be inferred that the agricultural value added has a strong negative and significant impact on the industrial sector. Given the characteristics of each region and the heterogeneity of the continent, we took recommendations in terms of economic policy on the assumption that the ultimate goal is to implement an industrialization strategy of the African countries.