In this article we describe the agricultural financing by financial institutions in order to ensure the lives of farmers in rural areas. The financing of the agricultural sector followed different trends from the 2nd century to today. The first financial aid for farmers came from the States which were to intervene to support the sector according to the Keynesian principle. The states supported agriculture through credit institutions such as agricultural and development banks of traditional financial system. Indeed, agriculture is a major economic sector in developing countries. Three out of four poor people live in rural areas and most of them depend on agriculture. Agriculture for Development, Development Report in the world, World Bank, 2008 Since some time, some MFIs are based in rural areas to support the agricultural sector through agricultural credit, sometimes not well understood and disapproved by the rural population. Although the agricultural credit is an indispensable means for promoting agriculture and rural development, this situation is a source of reluctance and demotivation for MFIs because over 90% of loans granted by MFIs are oriented to trade business forgetting the agricultural sector which is principal in rural areas.