Every country that is industrialized today passed through agrarian era. In fact, agricultural sector still remains the backbone of the industrial sector. In most developing nations, foreign trade is very central to all facets of economic growth and development which include agriculture. In view of this, the study examined the impact of foreign trade on the growth of agricultural output. In the process, other determinant was also examined. This includes population growth. The study used annual time series data from 1978 to 2008, obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Newey-West standard error regression model were used to analyse the data. The correlation analysis showed that there is existence of strong relationship between the variables. Results also revealed that petroleum export, food import and population growth rate were the significant factors that influence the growth of agricultural output in Nigeria. The growth of agricultural output was significantly increased by petroleum export and population growth rate but was reduced by food import. It is recommended that the government should introduce suitable foreign food and non-food trade policies and programmes that will positively impact the growth of agricultural output in Nigeria.