Description of the subject: This article presents the influence of the exploitation of NWFPs in improving the living conditions of village populations and floristic diversity. Objectives: The investigations made it possible to estimate the potential of available NWFPs; identify outlets and marketing channels; analyze the uses and sustainability of harvesting methods. Method: A botanical inventory is carried out in UFA 00-001 and 00-002 of the company TRC near 17 Bantu villages and 6 pygmy hamlets which use and market NWFPs. Socio-economic data are obtained by the Accelerated Participatory Research Method (APRM). Results: Sixty species of NWFP belonging to 49 genera and 28 families have been identified. Up to 84.50 and 15.49% of households complain about the decrease in the frequency of occurrence of Baillonella toxisperma Pierre and Ricinodendron heudoletii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel, respectively. 51.64% predict a disappearance of Baillonella toxisperma Pierre. Only 10% of the households have tried to plant this species and none have tried to plant Ricinodendron heudoletii (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel. Baillonella toxisperma Pierre and Ricinodendron heudoletii (Baill.) (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel are sold respectively at 1500 Fcfa per liter and 1200 Fcfa per kg. These two species generate respectively 4,859,400 Fcfa and 4,885,440 Fcfa in all the villages studied. The average income for a household is 9,255 Fcfa. Conclusions: Baillonella toxisperma Pierre and (Baill.) Pierre ex Heckel contribute to the income of the households which market them. But their exploitation constitutes a threat to the sustainability of these two species.