Low birth weight constitutes a major public health problem, both in developed and developing countries, due to its magnitude and its strong association with infant morbidity and mortality. Nearly 40% of deaths before the age of 5 occur in the neonatal period. Low birth weight is the 3rd cause of death in neonatology, after infections and prematurity. This aims to describe the epidemiological profile of newborns with low birth weight at the HGR/Bunia. results stipulate that the frequency of newborns with low birth weight was 24.45% and this trend is more observed in the month of September, i.e. 43.33%; our studies show that 17.37% of newborns had had Stabilization in an incubator as the main nursing care, 18.13% of newborns had had Ampicillin and gentamicin as the main medical care; in 33.68% the great multiparity was the favoring factor low birth weight linked to the mother; prematurity was the factor favoring low birth weight linked to newborns 45.26%; and 54.21% of newborns with low birth weight were cured. In fact, most of our cases were treated with antibiotics and the majority were cured.