Insecurity in Bas-Uélé Province raises two fundamental questions: The lack of regional coordination, despite dynamics requiring cross-border collaboration, and security governance shortcomings in the RD Congo (DRC). Persistent security issues in the country highlight an inadequate security and defense policy, with Congolese state actions proving ineffective. This study develops a theoretical model, the « Regionalized Security Model, » rooted in Barry Buzan’s (1991) security complex theory, treating the region as a primary unit of analysis. It aims to address insecurity in Bas-Uélé through regional coordination and local reconstruction.

The Mbororo, Fulani pastoralists originally from the Central African Republic, Sudan and Chad, have migrated en masse to the territories of Ango, Poko and Bondo (Bas-Uélé, DRC) since the 2000s, with around 15,000 people and 500,000 head of cattle in 2010, thereby altering the local demographics. A study (2004–2011) analyses this controversy using the MOFF framework, interviews (a sample of 350 people: Mbororo, government officials, civil society representatives and indigenous communities) and direct observations. Threats include water pollution, ecosystem degradation, agricultural destruction, illicit mining (gold, diamonds), community tensions, the circulation of weapons and terrorist risks (alleged links to the LRA). Opportunities relate to increased demand for meat, milk and agricultural produce. Strengths: Territorial integrity maintained, Mbororo loyalty to the authorities. Weaknesses: Porous borders, lack of population registration, impunity and absence of controls. Register/regularise/expel irregular migrants, strengthen borders and combat illegal immigration, the Mbororo must respect the law and avoid conflicts.