[ Exploitation minière, pétrolière, lacustre et forestière congolaise sur fond du traité Mobutu-Kaunda au cœur des conflits transfrontaliers entre la République Démocratique du Congo et la Zambie ]
Volume 71, Issue 2, March 2024, Pages 135–151
S.M. Kanke1, D.M. Numbi2, E.N. Nday3, R.D. Monga4, L.N.K. Lenge5, and P.M. Musenge6
1 Basic sciences department, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
2 Management of ecosystems and biodiversity department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
3 International relations department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
4 Management of ecosystems and biodiversity department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
5 Data mining department, Higher Institute of Hydrology and Fisheries of Kalemie, Kalemie, Tanganyika Province, RD Congo
6 Mining department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2024 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The populations of the Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cross-border area are under community tension. This situation endangers peace and peaceful cohabitation between these communities. The major issue remains the desire for the DRC’s mineral, oil, lake (Lakes Tanganyika, Moero, etc.), forestry and soil riches. Zambia no longer accepts its colonial borders and annexes several localities and villages in the chiefdom of Moliro (DRC) to its national territory. Several incursions by Zambia into Congolese territory leading to human rights violations (killings, forced displacement of the population and the replacement of Congolese customary leaders by Zambians, etc.). Mediations in favor of a return to peace between these two countries remain without results. The last is that under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community (SADEC), the objective was to implement the treaty of September 18, 1989 signed by these two countries. On the ground, once again the application of this treaty showed weaknesses in its materialization. This article focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness of the application of the treaty of September 18, 1989 signed by Presidents Mobutu (DRC) and Kaunda (Zambia). The observation is that the geographical coordinates of the different points contained in this treaty are not compatible with the real coordinates of the places in place on the one hand. This treaty, as well as the various attempts to resolve the said conflict, do not integrate local communities into the processes of seeking peace on the other hand.
Author Keywords: Mining, natural resources, cross-border conflicts, resolution, Zambia-DRC treaty.
Volume 71, Issue 2, March 2024, Pages 135–151
S.M. Kanke1, D.M. Numbi2, E.N. Nday3, R.D. Monga4, L.N.K. Lenge5, and P.M. Musenge6
1 Basic sciences department, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
2 Management of ecosystems and biodiversity department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
3 International relations department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
4 Management of ecosystems and biodiversity department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
5 Data mining department, Higher Institute of Hydrology and Fisheries of Kalemie, Kalemie, Tanganyika Province, RD Congo
6 Mining department, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, RD Congo
Original language: French
Copyright © 2024 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The populations of the Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cross-border area are under community tension. This situation endangers peace and peaceful cohabitation between these communities. The major issue remains the desire for the DRC’s mineral, oil, lake (Lakes Tanganyika, Moero, etc.), forestry and soil riches. Zambia no longer accepts its colonial borders and annexes several localities and villages in the chiefdom of Moliro (DRC) to its national territory. Several incursions by Zambia into Congolese territory leading to human rights violations (killings, forced displacement of the population and the replacement of Congolese customary leaders by Zambians, etc.). Mediations in favor of a return to peace between these two countries remain without results. The last is that under the aegis of the Southern African Development Community (SADEC), the objective was to implement the treaty of September 18, 1989 signed by these two countries. On the ground, once again the application of this treaty showed weaknesses in its materialization. This article focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness of the application of the treaty of September 18, 1989 signed by Presidents Mobutu (DRC) and Kaunda (Zambia). The observation is that the geographical coordinates of the different points contained in this treaty are not compatible with the real coordinates of the places in place on the one hand. This treaty, as well as the various attempts to resolve the said conflict, do not integrate local communities into the processes of seeking peace on the other hand.
Author Keywords: Mining, natural resources, cross-border conflicts, resolution, Zambia-DRC treaty.
Abstract: (french)
Les populations de la zone transfrontalière Zambie-République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) sont sous tensions communautaires. Cette situation met en péril la paix et la cohabitation pacifique entre ces communautés. L’enjeux majeur reste la convoitise des richesses minières, pétrolières, lacustres (lacs Tanganyika, Moero, etc.), forestières et pédologiques de la RDC. La Zambie n’accepte plus ses frontières coloniales et annexe plusieurs localités et villages de la chefferie de Moliro (RDC) à son territoire national. Plusieurs incursions de la Zambie dans le territoire congolais entrainant ainsi des méfaits des droits humains (tueries, déplacements forcés de la population et le remplacement des chefs coutumiers congolais par les zambiens, etc.). Les médiations en faveur de retour à la paix entre ces deux pays restent sans résultats. La dernière est celle sous l’égide de la Communauté de Développement de l’Afrique Australe (SADEC), l’objectif était celui de la mise en œuvre du traité du 18 Septembre 1989 signé par ces deux pays. Sur terrain, une fois de plus l’application de ce traité a accusé des faiblesses pour sa matérialisation. Cet article s’articule sur l’analyse de l’efficacité de l’application de traité du 18 Septembre 1989 signé par les présidents Mobutu (RDC) et Kaunda (Zambie). Le constat est que les coordonnées géographiques des différents points contenus dans ce traité ne sont pas compatibles avec les coordonnées réelles des lieux en place d’une part. Ce traité, ainsi que les différentes tentatives de résolution dudit conflit n’intègrent pas les communautés locales dans les processus de la recherche de la paix d’autre part.
Author Keywords: Exploitation minière, ressources naturelles, conflits transfrontaliers, résolution, traité Zambie-RDC.
How to Cite this Article
S.M. Kanke, D.M. Numbi, E.N. Nday, R.D. Monga, L.N.K. Lenge, and P.M. Musenge, “Congolese mining, lake, oil and forestry exploitation against the backdrop of the Mobutu-Kaunda treaty at the heart of cross-border conflicts between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia,” International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 135–151, March 2024.
