According to the World Health Organization (WHO), «traditional medicine as the health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs comprising plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises, applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being». The objective of the study is to find out the Indigenous Knowledge of health and illness among the Baiga (PVTG) and Kol tribes of Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India. The cross sectional study is carried out in Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 200 (Age below 35 and 50 years above, 100 young and 100 Old) individuals (100 each from both tribal communities) were selected by using of purposive sampling for this research. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The present study showed their perception on health and Illness. The most of the People are highly believe on traditional as well as supernatural things. They are firstly preferred to traditional and spiritual healers as compare to allopathic doctors. The traditional medicines and spirituals believes which are playing a major role among the Baiga and Kol community seeks immediate attention since the practitioners are mostly the older generation and not many youngsters are ready to carry forward the tradition.

Asymmetric crying facies in neonates is a rare condition that might be due to hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle and is characterized by asymmetry of lower lip depression during crying. Case report: We report a full-term newborn delivered by cesarean section with an uneventful pregnancy among non-consanguineous parents. The newborns have an Apgar score of 9 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. His birth measurements were appropriate for his gestational age. His initial clinical examination was normal, apart from the presence of a red intersourciliary macule and an asymmetric face while crying, with the right lip corner disappearing at rest. In this clinical presentation, the diagnosis of asymmetric crying facies was retained. Conclusion: Despite the fact that our patient has no other associated malformations, any facial paralysis that disappears at rest should be treated as a sign of asymmetric crying facies, and other malformations that may be associated should be screened for.

Côte d’Ivoire, like most African countries, is suffering the full force of the phenomenon of urban sprawl, which in its manifestation causes many environmental problems. In Bingerville, the gradual disappearance of plant resources in favor of ever-increasing urbanization and the problems posed by the cohabitation of man and nature raise questions. The objective of this work is to analyze the environmental changes linked to urban dynamics in the commune of Bingerville using remote sensing and GIS and to model changes in land use in order to assess the impact of urban sprawl on the plant resources of Bingerville by 2040. The methodological approach focused first on the processing of multispectral and multidate Landsat images: 1989 ETM, 1999 ETM, 2008 ETM+, 2016 and 2020 OLI TIRS for the analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover and a modeling of land cover in 2040 using the CA_Markov model. From 1989 to 2020, the area of urban stain has increased from 8% to 39%, the vegetation registers during the same period a regression of its area by -3.06%. The results of the modeling of land use changes by 2040 confirm the trends illustrated by the classification results, the «built-up» class will be the most important land use unit with 49.49%, while vegetation will represent only 10.69% of the total area of the city. The agglomeration of the urban municipality of Bingerville is a perfect illustration of the constraint that urban dynamics exerts on the vegetation cover.

Global and regional climate simulation results often do not accurately reflect changes in climate, hampering their direct applicability. Impact studies using high-resolution data received bias correction for climate variables. This study made it possible to choose and validate regional climate models from the CORDEX-Africa database in order to describe the future climate of the Sassandra River watershed in Buyo (western Côte d’Ivoire). The choice of models was made by the Taylor diagram method associated with the seasonal profile of the models and observations. Thus, the outputs of the selected models were corrected by the Distribution Mapping method (quantile mapping) using the CMhyd tool. At the end the potential future climate changes are assessed by analyzing the changes predicted by the models. The study reveals that the ICHEC, IPSL and NCC models have a good ability to simulate the climate of the basin. The climate simulation shows variations in climate parameters. The RCP 4.5 scenario forecasts rainfall fluctuations of -20.8% to +58.1% by 2030 and from -18.8% to +61.7% by 2050. The RCP 8.5 predict precipitation fluctuations of -19.4% to +43.8% by 2030 and -7.5% to +73.3% by 2050. All models include an increase in temperature under the two scenarios from +1.6 to +4.4℃ for RCP 4.5 and from +2.1 to +5℃ for RCP 8.5.

Cybercrime poses a major challenge in the digital age, requiring special attention in terms of legal and regulatory frameworks. This article aims to examine the theoretical and empirical literature and the legal framework for combating cybercrime at both the national and international levels, with a particular focus on the moroccan context. Selected studies have been analysed in terms of the legal issues associated with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain. This article emphasizes the importance of a robust legal framework in combating cybercrime and highlights future prospects while shedding light on the challenges that need to be addressed.

This study is a survey that we conducted in the health zone of Bwamanda, more precisely at the general hospital of reference of BWAMANDA, city province of Sud-Ubangi, in the Democratic Republic of Congo for a period of three months from July to September 2022. Its purpose is to assess the knowledge and practices of providers in the management of side effects related to the use of modern contraceptive methods among beneficiaries, users or clients. The approach that led this research is the analytico-descriptive coupled method of investigation. It targeted a population made up of 18 providers working at the Bwamanda HGR, mainly those involved in the family planning service and to some extent, expected to manage complications resulting from the use of modern contraceptive methods (MCM). If maternity is considered in Africa as a mark of social consideration and marital security, family planning (FP) is positioned as a remedy for birth control, maternity or even maternal deaths. Nevertheless, taking contraceptives is not without side effects, which create, rightly or wrongly, detachment or even disinterest in the methods adopted. The study was induced by the recurrence of side effects potentially related to contraceptive use among women of childbearing age. More than 70% of participants were reviewed in consultation, including young people under 30. The good management (PEC) of these side effects remains the key to attracting new acceptants and the success of the PF. The study was able to highlight menstrual disturbances, amenorrhea, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as side effects of MCAs encountered in Bwamanda; while regarding the level of knowledge and practices related to PEC of theseci, the study placed it at a threshold lower than acceptable (35%) according to the grid developed for this purpose. In practice, the study revealed that the acts of service providers are modeled on standardized models and do not take into account the specific specificities of each client, let alone the context.

Readers will remember that in 2006, the congolese constituent proclaimed the rule of law, one of the fundamental criteria of which remains the desire to eliminate any arbitrary act. Notwithstanding this proclamation, before 2016, it was difficult for individuals prejudiced by decisions Administrative even manifestly illegal to be quickly heard and rehabilitated in their freedoms and rights. With the entry into force of the organic law on the organization, functioning and competence of the courts of the Administrative order; the legislator is inspired by the desire to frame the role of the State in order to limit its power and fight against arbitrariness.Power must stop power, it is said. And this is why the congolese legislator wanted to give individuals themselves the effective procedural means to guarantee the protection of their rights and freedoms by organizing three main categories of summary proceeding: general summary proceedings, individual summary proceedings and special summary proceedings.

H5P is an artificial intelligence software that comprises learning content such as presentations, quizzes, interactive videos, and games. This study scrutinizes the role of using H5P in the enhancement of the ESP English Vocabulary of Moroccan Higher Education Students. Based on a convenient sampling and a triangulation model of analysis, one hundred and seventy-five students from the High School of Technology in Khenifra were tested and observed while fifteen teachers were interviewed. The aim of this quasi-experimental study is to analyze the importance of incorporating H5P as an innovative AI synchronously and asynchronously to enrich EST students’ ESP vocabulary, which supports language skills mainly writing and speaking. The participants attended different ESP activities using the H5P platform, and the project lasted ten weeks. The data collected were supported by the SPSS software and analyzed to identify the effects of H5P on the participants’ impetus and ESP improvement. The outcome also displays that working with H5P during a short period had a relatively significant impact on students’ learning sustainability which can empower their language knowledge. Analyses of the questionnaires’ responses prior to and after the exposure to H5P reveal the latter significantly contributes to students’ ESP vocabulary enhancement. Indeed, the research seeks an alternate teaching approach that would assist students in widening their English vocabulary through novel AI platforms. Teachers may indeed generate novel pedagogies from this paper’s outcome. The ultimate results imply that H5P contributes to enriching EFL students’ lexicon.

Image compression is a process of reducing the number of bits needed to represent an image. The goal is to optimize storage spaces, facilitate their transmission through the network and thus promote telemedicine. Over the years, several compression algorithms have distinguished themselves by their ability to reduce the size of the image while maintaining an acceptable visual appearance. These include the JPEG standard, the JPEG2000 standard and many others. The principle of these algorithms is essentially based on the reduction wavelet coefficients according to the singularity of the image. In this article, a new approach is proposed. The goal of this approach is to zero the wavelet coefficients regardless of the singularity of the image. To achieve this goal, our algorithm segments into three fundamental parts. The first part consists in breaking down the image into sub-bands through the QWT formalism. Subsequently, in order to obtain orthogonal matrices, we break down the matrices of the recently obtained sub-bands into singular values. The objective of these matrices is to exploit the redundancy present in the image while putting most wavelet coefficients to zero without, however significantly degrading the visual aspect of the image. To close the algorithm, we apply a thresholding function to the previously obtained wavelet coefficients. The method was evaluated by computer performance criteria such asand by human visual system performance criteria such as. These criteria are used to judge the quality of the reconstructed image and the compression ratio.

Since its independence in 1956, Morocco has undertaken several educational system reforms with the aim of enhancing its educational indicators and assure quality education for its citizens. Among the recurring axes that are ceaselessly present throughout the various reforms that have been launched, the axis of training (pre-service and continuous) is granted a distinct status. Whereas pre-service training endeavors to prepare prospective teachers for their future duties and acquire the skills necessary for the profession, continuous training seeks to hone these skills and equip teachers with the tools that would expectedly help them adopt classroom practices that are founded on more dynamic and effective teaching approaches. Continuous training that does not contribute to the improvement of teacher practices within classes cannot claim to be playing a role in the implementation of the projected educational reform. Following this principle, this paper attempted to investigate the impact of continuous training cycles provided for primary school teachers in Morocco on their classroom practices. We have chosen the provincial directorate of Rabat as a practical illustration. Through (1) a quantitative study and analysis of the evolution of the number of primary school teachers who have benefited from continuous training cycles compared to the overall number, (2) an analysis of the axes of the Rabat directorate provincial action plan for continuous training, and most importantly through (3) a practical field study, by means of a digital questionnaire addressed to the provincial directorate primary school teachers who have benefited from continuous training over the past three years, we have identified positive and encouraging results as well as a number of deficiencies to which more attention has to be paid in order to realize the expected outcomes of the reform.

Introduction: Marjolin’s ulcer is the malignant transformation of a burn scar or any other wound or chronic ulceration. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study spread over 2 years from January 2020 to January 2022 on 13 files of patients hospitalized in the plastic surgery department of Marrakech. Results: 13 patients, male in 77% of cases, the average age was 52 with extremes between 25 and 74 years old, the main location was the lower limb in 46% of cases, the scalp in 39% and the upper limb in 15%, the average size of the tumor was 11,5cm with extremes between 5 and 30cm, in 85% of cases it was a squamous cell carcinoma, lymph node dissection was performed in 61.5%, surgical excision required amputation in 5 cases, 2 in the upper limb and 3 in the lower limb due to bone invasion, an extension assessment was performed for all patients, positive in 70% of cases, coverage required direct sutures in 40%, grafts in 30%, and flaps in 30%. The evolution was marked by recurrence in 2 cases. All patients were referred for adjuvant treatment. Conclusion: Marjolin’s ulcer remains a rare but very locally aggressive tumor with significant metastatic potential.

This paper proposes a conceptual study for the implementation of a mini-conveyor that facilitates the overhead movement of concrete. The implementation of this device will remarkably improve the living conditions of the builders during the concrete pouring phase, by reducing labor. The study is based on the modelisation of static loads, the nature and effects of which depend favourably on the products being transported, acting on the conveyor belt fitted with buckets to facilitate movement. At the end of the analysis process, a prototype was designed which, using conventional prototyping methods, could be compared with the finished product.

To learn we must will. To will learn is triggered as soon as it is motivated. Being a result of endogenous and other exogenous factors, motivation constitutes this state propelling human being in a quest for balance and satisfaction. This paper focuses on this state in relation to the learning of the French language in the Moroccan secondary cycle, as a language, among many others, serving the needs of appreciation, communication and positive integration. Thus, situating the concept of «motivation» within pedagogical research, in general, then accounting for its contribution, via a few psycho-pedagogical approaches, to the learning of the French language in Moroccan high schools, in particular, would serve as markers to approach the possible relationship between the act of considering «motivation» and the attractiveness of the French language in the Moroccan high school. The reality on the ground surveyed will make possible the evaluation of the quality of this relationship with a view to advancing prospects likely to improve its content.

In Ivory Coast, plant-based medicine is the mainstay of primary healthcare for the majority of the population, thanks to its geographical, economic and cultural accessibility. As with this population, cocoa farmers in the Daloa region and their families continue to use plant species from the surrounding environment or their cocoa agroforestry systems on a daily basis for their health care. Despite its importance, this medicinal phytodiversity is threatened with extinction by the dynamic expansion of cocoa plantations and maintenance activities. The aim of our study is to contribute to a better understanding of the medicinal flora used by cocoa growers. Ethnobotanical surveys of 100 growers and their families showed that they suffer from 38 diseases, of which malaria, hemorrhoids, general fatigue, stomach ulcers and typhoid fever are the most common. The medicinal flora used is rich in 21 species divided into 20 genera and 17 families. It is collected mainly from fallow land and cocoa agroforestry systems. The health profile of producers and their families could help guide decisions to improve their living conditions. In addition, the results of this study could contribute to better preservation of medicinal flora in cocoa agroforestry systems in the current context of the biodiversity crisis.

To meet this need for permanent water availability for rural populations in the departments of Bouna and Doropo in Bounkani, Côte d’Ivoire (north-east), this study set out to identify ten sites for the installation of future boreholes designed to boost the production of water for human consumption. Five (05) panels of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were carried out using a Syscal-Pro Switch 36 resistivity meter (Iris Instruments, France) connected to 04 flutes of 36 metal electrodes regularly spaced 10 metres apart by 1070 m according to the pole-dipole (PD) configuration. The results identified conductive corridors within the crystallophyll basement, corresponding to fractures oriented preferentially E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE. The 2D electrical resistivity tomography panels also reveal a structure composed of two layers (alterites and fissured zone) superimposed on the sound bedrock. Hydrogeological analysis of lithological variations and geometric parameters of structural discontinuities (thickness of alterites, thickness, range of electrical resistivities and extension of fissured zone) have led to the proposal of eleven (11) sites suitable for the installation of high-volume boreholes. These future drilling points will help to alleviate the shortage of drinking water in the targeted localities in the area.

The study area includes four villages in the vicinity of the Noumoubougou landfill, 30 km from Bamako. The objective is to analyze the evolution of priority diseases in the area from 2015 to 2022. Since its construction, no health monitoring or study has been carried out to analyze the impact of the landfill on the health and well-being of the local population. After collecting, analyzing and applying epidemiological criteria, the study uncovered six notable environmental health phenomena: (i) the treatment of more than 2,969 cases of confirmed severe malaria, with no recorded deaths; (ii) the scissors phenomenon, characterized by a decrease in indicators of various traumas, diarrhea and low ARI, and a simultaneous increase in indicators of malaria and high ARI; (iii) the drastic increase in the indicators of malaria and high ARI between 2017 and 2020; (iv) the collective immunity developed against the covid-19 pandemic before its emergence; (v) the unhealthy environment in and around the open dump, influencing three concentric zones of exposure to malaria; (vi) the construction of unregulated housing within 300 meters of the dump. The study thus established a link between the drastic increase in malaria and ARI indicators in the area and the Noumoubougou landfill as a contributing factor.

The Noumoubougou landfill is located 30 kilometers northeast of Bamako on the Koulikoro road. Its construction has given rise to a great deal of concern, disagreement and even reluctance on the part of the local population. This issue led us to analyze the application of health and safety measures in and around the site. The study covers the period from 2020 to 2022. The methodology focuses on observing the landfill, taking groundwater samples in and around the landfill, and interviewing landfill supervisors. Observations showed that the landfill does not meet the criteria of a compacted controlled landfill, as waste is not covered on a daily basis and is a source of pollution and nuisance. Biomedical and toxicological analyses have confirmed that the groundwater is not polluted by the leachate produced by the landfill. Lack of awareness on the part of users, site supervisors and the local population, lack of compliance by the authorities and insufficient financial resources to ensure the management, operation and monitoring of such a facility are determining factors in the inadequate application of health and safety measures.

Leachate from landfill requires treatment before discharge into the environment to avoid surface and underground water contamination. In this paper, the treatment performance of combined system by physico-chemical and biological techniques for landfill leachate are studied, the biological treatment by Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), the coagulation-flocculation and the filtration-fly ash. Both coagulation-floculation and treatment biologique by Sequencing Bach Reactor are effective for over 98,07% COD removal, 99,16% BOD5, a removal rate of 96,14% for NH4, 79,82% for NO3-, 97,32% for NO2-, 89,09% for suspended solids (SS) and 87,71% for PO4. A combination of physical and biological treatments has demonstrated its effectiveness for the treatment of intermediate leachate. Almost complete removal of COD and nitrogenous forms has been accomplished by a combination of biological treatment by SBR and physical treatment by filtration with COD concentration of 5200 mg/L and BOD5 concentration of 1375,12 mg/L. It is important to note that the selection of the most suitable treatment method for landfill leachate depends on the characteristics of landfill leachate, technical applicability and constraints, effluent discharge alternatives, cost-effectiveness, regulatory requirements and environmental impact. As a whole, a combination of two treatments proves to be more efficient and effective than individual treatment. This could be because a two-step treatment has the ability to synergize the advantages of individual treatments, while overcoming their respective limitations. A combined treatment is indeed capable of improving the effluent quality and minimizing the residue generated than an individual treatment.

This article aims to show how to integrate the environmental dimension in the Moroccan education system. Through the disciplinary content, that must ensure the construction of solid theoretical skills, and knowledge about the environment. Among learners by providing them with the necessary knowledge and practical and extracurricular activities, provided by the environmental clubs, which allows a multidimensional teaching linked to the concerns of society. Several pedagogical practices can be carried out within environmental clubs: fieldwork by visits and ecological outings, activities by projects, partnership. These practices are considered important educational structures capable of ensuring the development of environmental culture in schools. However, several constraints to the activation of these clubs can be reported with school rhythms that are expressed both by a busy program for students and the hourly load for teachers. This does not favour learning contexts that put the student in various situations, including those outside the classroom. Hence the need to reduce school curricula and capitalize on good practices and initiatives in environmental education.