Learning and its internal processes depend on the institution of a socio-discursive space for sharing meanings. The inclusion of students in the social universe constituted by the discipline of French depends on a psychological instrument deployed mainly in the classroom by teachers: language. Considered as a founding instrument of the teacher’s work, language as a professional didactic linguistic gesture fosters continuity and unevenness in the elaboration of knowledge by pupils, and aims to transform, through linguistic negotiations and readjustments, their spontaneous language use to bring them into a field of unfamiliar practices, values and content. However, the adoption of a horizontal register with regard to pupils seen as having difficulties increases inequalities at school. Interest in the relationship between language and the construction of knowledge is evident from the upsurge in research into language activity in the classroom. We propose a conceptual reformulation that sheds light on the links between language and the formation of social and cognitive actors who (re) construct semiotic systems specific to the learning of French, and who acculturate to the ways of saying, thinking and acting of the discipline in question.

Knowledge of information related to land use and land cover in a region is necessary for urbanization projects, sustainable development and natural risk management, particularly floods. The aim of this article is to explore the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques and the combination of multi-sensor images to map land use and land cover in the Marahoué region. To this end, the Deep Forest algorithm is used as the main classifier. Its construction required the use of three common classifiers Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Random Forest (RF) and Extra Tree (ET). Three Deep Forest models (DF-XGB; DF-RF; DF-ET) were developed and optimized to guarantee optimum accuracy. These DF models were then compared with four (04) classifiers commonly used in land use studies (RF, XGB, CNN, CART). The results indicate that the DF-XGB model outperformed all conventional classifiers by over 96%, confirming the relevance of integrated approaches mobilizing multi-sensor data, spectral indices and advanced classifiers. The predominance of cultivated land, the regression of forest formations and the localized presence of wetlands identified by the DF-XGB model, reflect the ongoing dynamics of anthropization. This approach thus offers a powerful tool for environmental monitoring, sustainable community management and flood risk prevention in the Marahoué watershed.

The Aghien estate, the site of this study, is part of the dynamic of creating a new peri-urban nature reserve. Following the regression of the surface areas of protected areas by human activities within the Ivorian parks and reserves, the partial Aghien nature reserve was created to allow the survival of this particular ecosystem, essential for the preservation of the peri-urban forest and the conservation of biological diversity. The general objective of this study is to assess the floristic diversity of the Partial Nature Reserve of Aghien. To do this, 36 plots of 625m2 (25 m x 25 m) each were first distributed in six (06) biotopes of the partial nature reserve of Aghien (RNPA). These are rubber plantation (n = 6) palm plantation (n = 6), secondary forest (n = 6), swamp meadow (n = 6), fallow land (n = 6), Bare soil (n = 6). Then botanical inventories based on itinerant and surface survey methods were carried out in each plot. A total of 265 species divided into 174 genera and 63 families were inventoried in the RNPA. Finally, the assessment of the floristic composition of the vegetation and that of the floristic composition of the vegetation were determined by the floristic variability and the diversity indices.

This article aims to optimize the Zigbee communication protocol in wireless sensor networks used for meteorological monitoring at the National Institute of Meteorology in Lubumbashi. It addresses key limitations of the standard Zigbee protocol, particularly latency, energy consumption, and inefficient routing. By introducing an Energy-Aware AODV routing algorithm and implementing MAC-layer modifications, the study enhances transmission efficiency and network lifespan. Simulations conducted using Contiki-NG and the Cooja simulator demonstrate significant improvements in packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, and transmission delay, validating the proposed protocol’s suitability for real-world meteorological applications.

In response to the increasing number of building collapses in Abidjan, this study aims to determine the most suitable foundation type for a construction project located in Port-Bouët, southern Abidjan. Geotechnical investigations, including core drilling and Ménard pressuremeter tests, were conducted to characterize soil conditions up to a depth of 25 meters. Data analysis was performed using XPRS, XGTE, and FOXTA software. The results revealed three main soil layers with increasing compactness with depth. Three foundation types—isolated footings, raft foundations, and piles—were evaluated. While isolated footings produced acceptable settlements, their large number could lead to unfavorable interactions. Raft foundations, though more economical, were found unsuitable due to excessive differential settlements. Pile foundations, although more expensive, provided optimal bearing capacity and limited settlements. The study concludes that deep pile foundations are the most technically reliable and durable option for the site. It also recommends the systematic use of geotechnical studies to prevent building failures in Côte d’Ivoire.

This article is devoted to a comparative study of stock accounting in the Congolese accounting system and in SYSCOHADA, with the aim of establishing the points of convergence and divergence between these two accounting systems and determining whether they are effective in stock accounting. At the end of our analysis, we have noted that the two accounting systems compared reveal more differences than similarities in inventory accounting. These differences are, in fact, innovations that SYSCOHADA brings to the PCGC. Other advantages of SYSCOHADA are also due to the major innovations it brings to certain aspects of the economic life of companies. Among these advantages are: the distinction between inventories, in particular, and liabilities and liabilities in general in ordinary and non-ordinary activities, the use of an inventory change account for any movement relating to inventories, the presence of an account to record services in progress, etc.