The tie between economic growth and system of education seems sufficiently established to collect a large consensus of the economists. The profits of the education go well beyond their contribution to the human capital in the production of goods. To shortcoming this survey carrying on the" role of the woman's education: Arbitration between work and fertility", it was question to understand the interrelations between the woman's education, the use and the fertility in urban environment, and more especially in the city of Goma. The data have been collected with the help of a questionnaire and the results have been analyzed thanks to the methods statistical, inductive and comparative. To this effect, the software packages Eviews 3.0 and Sphinx Plus allowed us to make econometric analysis of the survey. After the analyses, we noted that the elevated instruction level pushes the woman to look for a salaried job (rather than to remain in the domestic works). With regard to the influence of the woman's education on the wanted births, it is little meaningful. It would be useful for the state to take some measures in terms of policies and strategies in view of to control well and to master the dynamics of the populations. To this consideration, let's signal that the demographic explosion has some ties with the poverty of the countries of the South. With regard to the households, the awakening of conscience concerning education and fertility can contribute to the improvement of their life conditions.