Main of our study was to describe the epidemiology of fractures in children aged 0 to 5 years, regardless of the cause. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 5 years at the Pediatric Surgery Department of the University Hospital Aristide Le Dantec in Dakar, Senegal. Various parameters were studied: frequency of these fractures compared to all consultations, sex, age, circumstances of occurrence of the injury, the period of consultation and the concept of hospitalization. Results: Four hundred cases have been collected during the period of our study. The mean age was 38 months. The age group 49 to 60 months was the most represented with 28.5% of cases. The boys were the most affected with a sex ratio of 1.4. The majority of our patients consulted in the first 48 hours after the trauma (61% of cases). Fractures occur at home with 53.5% of cases and accidents of public roads (9.5%). Fall was the main mechanism with 63.5% of cases. Conclusion: Fractures of children 0 to 5 years are uncommon. Fall at home is the main mechanism of these fractures.