Polyurethanes are versatile materials used widely in many applications. Annual production of polyurethanes is increasing day by day. The most important application of polyurethane covering its major market is polyurethane foam. Different type of foaming systems and foaming processes are used for synthesis of foam. There are two major types of polyurethane foam which are flexible foam and rigid foam. This review has been structured to present an overview of different types of foam, foaming systems, and processes used for production of foam. Also major applications of polyurethanes are presented.