The global business environment of today requires companies to be flexible, in order to quickly react and respond to the ever-changing market. Business-to business application integration (B2BAI) can be seen as a tool which enables companies to stay competitive and it is often regarded by the theory as a must for survival in today's fierce business environment. Even though the employment of a B2BAI strategy can generate a lot of advantages and opportunities for companies operating within today's global business environment, there are still many challenges and problems to overcome in order to have a successful B2BAI solution.
It is based on this assertion that the researchers found it highly interesting to see whether the theories on B2BAI could be supported by an empirical research. The researchers in this study, have therefore studied and identified the underlying reasons and the contributing factors to why or why not companies choose to integrate externally, from the perspective of businesses/institutions that have integrated externally and those that are yet to implement it. Further, the practical benefits associated with B2BAI have been identified with possible strategies employed by Ghanaian companies and the reasons for choosing those strategies.
Besides this, a description and an explanation regarding the concepts covered by the field of B2BAI have been made in order to facilitate the understanding for the reader. Since the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons behind and the contributing factors to why or why not companies choose to integrate, questionnaires were sent out to Thirty (30) companies within Eastern and Greater Accra regions. This was done purposely to gather information from both people who have experience in the concept in order to achieve the purpose of the essay.
As mentioned earlier, the scope for this research was all registered companies in Ghana, however it was delimited to a selection of the population, where the sample consists of thirty institutions situated in the Eastern and Greater Accra Regions.
It has been gathered from the empirical findings of this study that globalization is a central factor contributing to why companies chose to invest in B2BAI which also agrees with the theory in regards of that. However, the respondents do not discuss all the advantages of B2BAI mentioned in the theory and emphasize slightly different underlying reasons for choosing to employ a B2BAI strategy. The most central reason for not choosing to employ a B2BAI strategy was according to the respondents due to the lack of knowledge regarding issues relating to the phenomenon and this have not been discussed in the literature review.

The paper focused on the challenges that exist on the process of revenue collection in the Accra Metropolitan Assembly. Like all metropolitan and municipal authorities, the AMA faces several challenges ranging for the efficient provision of service to revenue collection.
The study attempt to eliminate or reduce to minimum the challenges in the process of revenue collection, the problems associated with revenue administration, the tax base coverage and challenges in identifying property owners. Other objectives are to proposed and design a database solution for effective management of property ownership and revenue collection and also to propose a network solution for connecting the assembly's and the land sector agencies.
The study used the interpretative case study approach to obtain study individuals in their natural settings and also obtain deeper understanding of the event. Data was obtained from written narrative, observation and semi structured interviews of 20 participants.
In this study the researcher investigated the challenges associated with the collection of property rate in the AMA. It was discovered that revenue trend has not been stable in revenue collection. It was discovered that the AMA does not have a full or comprehensive register of all taxable activities or levies in their jurisdiction. There exist no system to track invoices and payments. Data on services, facilities, levies etc. are handled manually and consequently subject to fraud, abuse and significant revenue loss.
The research therefore recommends ways of minimizing the revenue leakage associated with property rate administration by the AMA; The proposed database system for collecting property rate stores detailed information of individual customer's and their property (land and building), these details would be stored with land or property coordinates from Google map for easy site identification. The system is designed to generate invoices and send it via mail to the appropriate customers and also keep payment records as well as summary reports of all services.

E-Voting has been attracting a lot of interest in the country and has been a subject for discussion in various media during the past years after elections. The current method of voting during general elections in Ghana is through paper base voting which comes with a lot of problems ranging from delay in voting resulting in long queues, double voting, result manipulations, spoilt votes due to wrong thumb-printing and delay in declaring results. To study seeks to investigate the feasibility of e-voting implementation in Ghana. The findings of this research will likely generate greater awareness about the e-voting system in Ghana and also provide useful knowledge to stakeholders about the benefit of e-voting system and also provide useful knowledge in policy formulation concerning Ghana elections. The study adopted mainly exploratory and descriptive analysis as well as a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection approaches. Purposive and simple random techniques were used in selection and administering of questionnaires to employees of Electoral Commission and the voting population from selected regions in Ghana. The result of the findings shows that for e-voting system implementation to be successful, Government must show strong commitment to provide support by securing donor fund to improve on the existing infrastructure and provide the needed resources to support the successful implementation. The study also shows that Government need to improve infrastructure in most part of the country and Electoral Commission should also embark on educating the people on e-voting and creating awareness. It was recommended that e-voting for now should be implemented on pilot basis and run alongside paper voting until infrastructure is available nationwide.