Transport sciences form a multidisciplinary field whose contribution to economic and social development is well documented, yet whose academic institutionalisation remains weak in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa. This article pursues a twofold objective: To clarify the structuring axes of the field, and to examine the conditions for anchoring them within African university curricula, drawing on the case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The approach is qualitative, combining a review of the scientific and institutional literature, a documentary analysis of national sector data, and a comparative reading of existing academic programmes. Six structuring axes are identified: Infrastructure and asset management; operations, traffic and urban mobility; transport economics and logistics; safety and security; environment and energy; and governance, law and regulation. Each is linked to an explicit mechanism of developmental value creation, from the reduction of generalised travel costs to the widening of capabilities of access to essential services. The Congolese case reveals a sharp mismatch between the needs of a structurally multimodal territory of 2.34 million square kilometres and the scarcity of specialised training. The article therefore proposes a three-tier curriculum framework supported by a national transport observatory, work-based professionalisation and targeted research capacity building. Feasibility conditions, the risk of curricular mimicry and the limitations of the study are discussed.