Woody amendments based on Fragmented Ramial Wood (FRW) could constitute a viable alternative in order to alleviate soil fertility problems. Our study aims to assess the influence of FRW from Piliostigma reticulatum (D.C.) Hochst on the dynamics of weed biomass and the agronomic performance of sorghum and residual soil quality in a Sudano-Sahelian context. The study was located in central Burkina Faso. The experimental design was organised into 4 completely randomised Fisher blocks with eight (8) treatments each: Absolute Control (AC), Manure (M), Combined Crops (CC), Urea (N), FRW used alone (FRW), FRW+Manure (FRW+M), FRW+Combined Crops (FRW+CC), FRW+Urea (FRW+N). The results showed that the FRW+F treatments were significantly the most competitive in terms of improving moisture content (+32.62%), infiltration (+49.73%), soil density (+8.29%), pH (+11.29%), soil macrofaunal density (+91.75%), and soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content. Sorghum growth was greater under F treatments (+84.93%). Furthermore, weed biomass was lower on plots with FRW than on plots without FRW, with the exception of the FRW+N treatment. Weed biomass remains negatively correlated with carbon and nitrogen content and plant growth (under F). This practice deserves to be optimised for sustainable soil conservation in the Sudano-Sahelian context.