For decades, development initiatives aimed at strengthening the resilience of rural populations in Niger have focused on restoring degraded land. The aim of this study, carried out in the Ouallam department in western Niger, is to determine the impact of sylvopastoral site management in improving the living conditions of the beneficiary populations. The methodology involved interviews with a sample of 384 beneficiaries in the rural communes of Simiri and Tondikiwindi. The assessment of the socio-economic impacts of silvopastoral site development activities analyzed the elements of security of household living conditions, namely food, health, education, water, income and social cohesion within the population. The results show that food security and nutritional status have been improved by the food distribution operations. Access to water, technical capacity, income and social cohesion have also been improved. Rural exodus has also been reduced. The restoration of silvopastoral sites and capacity-building activities have helped to improve living conditions and community resilience.