To study the nature and magnitude of inheritance of seed yield and its components in three crosses of L. siceraria (Molina) Standl accessions involving four diverse parents under two environments, generation mean analysis was used seed yield and its components. Generations developed six generations, (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) were planted for evaluation in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The result showed that the additive-dominance model was adequate in explaining the inheritance of seed yield and its components. This was ascribed to a non significant estimate of A, B and C scaling tests. The results of the generation mean analysis indicated that the additive genetic effects (d) significantly accounted for a large proportion of variability observed for fruit weight, seed number and 100-seed weight in the crosses evaluated. An additive genetic effect suggests that selection among segregating population could provide an average improvement in the performance of seed yield and its components in subsequent generations. Broad and narrow-sense heritability was estimated to be high (≥ 0,5) for yield and its components at Abidjan and Manfla. That indicate a great genetic effect on these traits expression. Additive components played a major role in improving the yield component that shown strong heritability whatever environment. The number of quantitative factors revealed multigenic appearance. These results confirm the appropriateness of these yield components in improving plant efficiency. A recurrent selection scheme has proposed as an effective selection strategy for improving oleaginous gourd Lagenaria siceraria.