The evolution of information and communication technologies and their integration in almost all sectors of the economy (telecommunications, industry, transport, energy, trade, etc.) has made it possible to improve management and decision-making in real time in these sectors. In the industrial sector, and particularly in the electro-energy sector, information and communication technologies offer advantages in terms of speed, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, etc., as smart grids allow a large number of connected objects to interact, communicate and collaborate. On the other hand, these technological advances and the increase in Internet connectivity of electric power companies have led to an increase in the number of access points, making them more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. As a result, IT security for power grids is essential. The objective of this paper is to highlight, based on the extensive literature review and critical analyses, the cybersecurity issues in Smart Grids. The vulnerabilities of electrical infrastructures and the different solutions or systems implemented by researchers to address the problems of cyber-attacks have been presented. Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques will be used in the following research to detect and block attacks on an electrical infrastructure in order to protect the electrical network from cyber-attacks.