The study area includes four villages in the vicinity of the Noumoubougou landfill, 30 km from Bamako. The objective is to analyze the evolution of priority diseases in the area from 2015 to 2022. Since its construction, no health monitoring or study has been carried out to analyze the impact of the landfill on the health and well-being of the local population. After collecting, analyzing and applying epidemiological criteria, the study uncovered six notable environmental health phenomena: (i) the treatment of more than 2,969 cases of confirmed severe malaria, with no recorded deaths; (ii) the scissors phenomenon, characterized by a decrease in indicators of various traumas, diarrhea and low ARI, and a simultaneous increase in indicators of malaria and high ARI; (iii) the drastic increase in the indicators of malaria and high ARI between 2017 and 2020; (iv) the collective immunity developed against the covid-19 pandemic before its emergence; (v) the unhealthy environment in and around the open dump, influencing three concentric zones of exposure to malaria; (vi) the construction of unregulated housing within 300 meters of the dump. The study thus established a link between the drastic increase in malaria and ARI indicators in the area and the Noumoubougou landfill as a contributing factor.