Cooperation is the action of participating in a common work, the collaboration between actors, especially States, for a common goal. It is a policy of understanding and cultural, economic or scientific exchanges between States, and especially in the context of international relations of development aid to less developed nations from developed countries. North-South cooperation, which is the most traditional type of cooperation, occurs when a developed country provides economic or other support to a less developed country, particularly in the context of development programmes. This cooperation is valued differently because of its effectiveness. Often marked by hegemonic considerations, North-South cooperation has a lead in the wing in the current geopolitical context where, in Africa, new players are emerging. These partners loosen financial constraints and conditionalities, but they also increase the risks of debt reduction and weak coordination of development policies. It is necessary to distinguish between the geopolitical stakes of the multipolar world and the new actors of cooperation in Africa in order to explore the perspectives that open to Africa in its cooperation with the world powers. The aim is to empower Africa with regard to predatory cooperation which, instead of emancipating it, plunges it further into dependence. Africa must define its priorities in all forms of cooperation, whether traditional or new.