In Ivory Coast, plant-based medicine is the mainstay of primary healthcare for the majority of the population, thanks to its geographical, economic and cultural accessibility. As with this population, cocoa farmers in the Daloa region and their families continue to use plant species from the surrounding environment or their cocoa agroforestry systems on a daily basis for their health care. Despite its importance, this medicinal phytodiversity is threatened with extinction by the dynamic expansion of cocoa plantations and maintenance activities. The aim of our study is to contribute to a better understanding of the medicinal flora used by cocoa growers. Ethnobotanical surveys of 100 growers and their families showed that they suffer from 38 diseases, of which malaria, hemorrhoids, general fatigue, stomach ulcers and typhoid fever are the most common. The medicinal flora used is rich in 21 species divided into 20 genera and 17 families. It is collected mainly from fallow land and cocoa agroforestry systems. The health profile of producers and their families could help guide decisions to improve their living conditions. In addition, the results of this study could contribute to better preservation of medicinal flora in cocoa agroforestry systems in the current context of the biodiversity crisis.