The article summarizes the history and cultural legacy of the Roma thru time. It provides new information about the Roma heritage, the origin of the name Roma, the reasons for migration of the Roma from India, awakening of the national consciousness, their culture, language, art, poetry, music and folklore. The article contains a short biography of the greatest Roma scientist Dr August Krogh who received the Nobel Price Award for Physiology or Medicine in the 1920.

The paper summarizes the statistic data about the progress of the Decade for Inclusion of the Roma in Republic Macedonia 2005-2010. The article is devided in 5 parts and gives results in the most vurnable areas connected with the Roma population. The statistic data is a result of my research where 538 people from 17 municipalities were questioned and answered questions about general health condition of Roma, attitude toward the Roma in the health sector, health insurance situation of the Roma, employment of the Roma in the health sector, housing problems of the Roma, property documentation issues, relationships between Roma and non Roma as neighbors, inclusion in preschool, elementary and high school, and university education, and attitude toward the Roma in the educational sector. The result from the survey is that the highest percent of negative responses are in Kumanovo, Shtip and Vinica. There are no positive changes in the municipalities in Skopje, Gostivar, Kichevo and Kochani. Data show that significantly progress is achieved in the aspect of the inclusion of the Roma in preschool, elementary, high school and university education. 74% of the surveyed state that the inclusion of the Roma at university level is increased and only 1% state that the inclusion is decreased.

The article summarizes the racial conflicts in South Africa between the white and black population, apartheid structures, seasonal effects from the conflicts, and involvement of the United Nations in the racial issues. This paper is meant as a contributor towards the ongoing search for new means of managing ethnic conflicts in Africa. Using South Africa as a case study, it compares the management of ethnic and racial conflicts and shows the difficulties in managing deep-rooted and complex conflicts. The government of South Africa has taken bold constitutional steps to reduce tension, but the continuing ethnic and religious conflicts raise questions about the effectiveness of these mechanisms. The paper shows that ethnic conflict arose as a result of the denial of the basic human needs of access, identity, autonomy, security and equality, compounded by the autocratic roles played by the government and the military. Preservation of the ethnic peace is dependent upon the type and effectiveness of the available conflict management mechanisms and also the respective government's policy choices and decisions. For achieving a lasting peace, South Africa should challenge the actions of ethnic leaders who have used violent ethnic conflict for personal gain. The final conclusion of the paper is that ethnic conflicts are negative sum game in which there are no benefits for both sides.