Tsetse flies are the only biological vectors of animal and human trypanosomosis. They occur only in Africa and are dependent on vegetation, islets, forests, galleries. These places generally constitute places of hunting, culture of peaches or market gardens for the populations. The present study aims to determine the vegetation index (NDVI) in relation to the number of tsetse flies captured in two communes of two different regions. Tsetse flies were captured in Mali, along watercourses using biconical and monoconical traps in 3 riverside villages in the commune of Mandé (Koulikoro region) and 3 villages in the commune of Kita (Kayes region). For each site, tsetse number, density and NDVI were determined. In the commune of Mandé, 589 flies were caught. The mean apparent density was 12.80 flies/trap/day. In the cotton zone of Kita, 173 flies were caught with an average apparent density of 4.35 flies/trap/day. The vegetation index in Taliko (Kita) was equal to that of Samalé (0.27). Similarly the NDVI of Badala was equal to that of Samanko (0.32). Farabana had recorded the highest NDVI. A correlation test between the number of flies caught and the vegetation index (NDVI) shows that the DAP is not a function of the NDVI. These results show that the high number of flies caught is not directly related to the vegetation index.