Rubber seedling rootstock cultivation is the first step of rubber budding propagation. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies investigating leaf phenology effect on rubber seedling nursery. In this study, leaf phenology, stem diameter, plant height and the chlorophyll parameters were observed at six periods. The results showed that bronze stage was the rapid growth and regulation stage of plant height, bronze stageⅠwas the rapid growth and regulation stage of stem diameter, and light green leaf stage was sensitive to environmental temperature. Taken together, leaf phenology affects the growth of rubber seedlings, and understanding phenological effects helps to regulate the phenological process to raise rootstock seedlings.