Since gaining independence, the Democratic Republic of Congo has experienced many problems; among other things the legal problem and particularly the 50 years spent in civil wars have made it a vast site of juvenile delinquency. Many laws have been passed and promulgated, but they seem to be insufficient to stem all the problems linked to delinquent children or to children victims of delinquency and deviance. It should be noted that since the entry into force of the law n ° 09/001 of January 10, 2009 on the protection of the child and the installation of the juvenile court, the legal conditions of children in conflict with the law seem to be to improve, now delinquent children are no longer tried in the same court as adults. However, in the juvenile court the appeals chamber has not yet been set up due to the lack of judges. This is how a decision rendered in the First Chamber cannot be reformed by the review procedure, which is the sole responsibility of the judge who issued a first decision to review it. The consequences of the double degree of jurisdiction before the tribunal of children are by filing an appeal on the same jurisdiction with the same judge there is not too much reliability in judgments contradiction.

The constitution of February 18, 2006 organizes the territorial institutions of the DRC by distinguishing between political regions, decentralized entities and deconcentrated entities. The unitary form of the State is affirmed in the functioning of the institutions because all refer to the same and only Constitution which in its article 1 provides: the DRC is a State of law, independent, sovereign, united and indivisible, social, democratic and secular. The DRC is made up of the city of Kinshasa and 25 provinces with legal personality. As said above, the constitution of February 18, 2006 establishes the free administration of provinces and ETDs, their competences and the autonomous management of their resources. The Congolese experience is particularly rich in lessons in terms of management and territorial planning, it is characterized by two aspects; the multiplicity of changes sometimes due to certain contradictions between the different texts and the gap between the texts and the implementation of Decentralization. The main challenge for the central government is to succeed in implementing decentralization, the principles of free administration of provinces according to the vision of the current Constitution aimed at the development of a unitary and highly decentralized State, while ensuring the unity of the country and national cohesion. This is how we have some challenges, in particular the transfer of skills and resources according to a progressive approach with a view to deepening the constitutional provisions on the sharing of resources (human, technical and financial) and of powers between the different levels of communities, the financing of decentralization within the framework of a set of instruments combining local taxation, the retrocession system and the national equalization mechanism for investments aimed at ensuring egalitarian development between the provinces and ETDs. In terms of challenges we can cite in particular for the success of decentralization: the appropriation of decentralization by the actors and the population; the maintenance of peace and security; political will; the involvement of all; the existence of a common vision; national solidarity; progressiveness in the process; good local governance; the financing of decentralization; building the capacities of the various actors and representatives; the organization of provincial, urban, municipal and local elections.