Transformed over time by several historical, social and political factors, the traditional chiefdom in Togo was to gradually empty itself of the original elements that founded its power. Nowadays, it is changing into new elements to legitimize its power. In doing so, this article, based on three (3) approaches (structural-functionalist, Weberian and socio-historical) seeks to analyze the foundations of the legitimation of the traditional chiefdom in present-day Togolese society.To achieve this, this research adopted a methodology which consisted in documenting existing work on the subject and in carrying out in-depth individual interviews carried out with actors and resource persons concerned by this issue, particularly in academia, civil society and central (political) administration. Consequently, this research made it possible to show that the customary sources which originally founded the traditional chiefdom in Togo have lost their political, social and cultural quintessence (delegitimization) but there is nowadays a whole range of sources of legitimacy and / or legitimation of devolution of power from the traditional chief (re-legitimation).