Uvariopsis tripetala (Baker f.) G. E. Schatz is a multipurpose aromatic plant listed as a vulnerable species by IUCN. It is threatened with extinction in Benin and its importance for local populations remains poorly documented. The purpose of this study is to analyze the traditional knowledge of local populations and the determinants of the use of U. tripetala in order to develop conservation and sustainable management strategies. To achieve this, 255 respondents, randomly selected from 5 socio-cultural groups (Adja, Fon, Holli, Mahi and Nagot) were interviewed through semi-structured ethnobotanical survey. Citation frequencies and ethnobotanical parameters (indices of diversity and equitability of the respondent, the consensual value of the types of use and the ethnobotanical value of use of an organ) were calculated. Factorial Correspondence Analysis was performed from a designed matrix. The results reveal that local populations have knowledge in the usage categories of food, magic, medicine, worship, household energy, oral and dental hygiene. In total, 24 uses have been identified and classified into 8 categories, the most cited of which are worship, medicinal and food uses. The most solicited organs are the stems for worship, the leaves for traditional medicine and the fruits for food purpose. Ethnic group, sex, age and instruction level are the factors that significantly influence the knowledge of U. tripetala uses. The rational use of the various plant organs and the sensitization of populations on the proper methods of cutting its stem could help to improve the sustainable management status of this species.