This research intends to present, analyze and forward a view on the socio-economic impact of paid transport of people by small bus in Bukavu city. The results of this study will enable the public authorities to set up appropriate structures, mechanisms and supervisory measures for this sector, thus guaranteeing healthy social and economic conditions for the population. The main question of our study is: “What is the social and economic profitability of the actors in the transport of people on small bus? We emitted a hypothesis according to which all the actors would get some income, reason why the sector becomes more and attractive. However, the growth of the sector would create other ill-effects. To check the hypothesis, we used both quantitative and analytical methods. This study was carried out in Bukavu city on small bus owners and the population who use this mode of transport. At this end of the study, we come to the conclusion that paid transport of people in small bus has a social and economic impact in Bukavu city, mainly on the social life of motorcyclist, the income of small bus owners, public transport of population and the public receipts. The ill-effects of the growth of this sector is the increase of traffic accidents, the emergence of professional illnesses (paralysis, bronchitis …) and the decrease of school children numbers.